8.3 in textbook (pg 263)

Objective To learn various schemes for reactions.

“Driving Forces” for chemical reactions 1. Formation of a solid 2. Formation of water 3. Transfer of electrons

1. Precipitation Reaction (double displacement) AB + CD --- AD + CB * Formation of a solid (when two solutions are mixed) K2CrO4(aq) + Ba(NO302(aq) ---- BaCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

2. Acid-base reactions Formation of water when a strong acid (H+) is mixed with a strong base (OH-) *H+ ion that ends up in the product water H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --- H2O(l) + KCl(aq) HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) --- H2O(l) + KCL(aq)

3. Oxidation- Reduction Reaction Transfer of electrons: Driving force in the “desire” of a metal to donate electrons to nonmetals 2Li(s) + F2(g) --- 2LiF(s)

4. Single Replacement Reaction 1 type of anion is exchanged A + BC --- B + AC *Formation of a gas (a reaction in aqueous solution that escapes as bubbles) 2HCl(aq) + Na2CO CO2(g) + H2O(l) + 2NaCl(aq)