The Effects of Antibiotics on Gastrointestinal Motility and Gut Microbiota Catherine Chen Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy April 28, 2016

Possible Perturbations of Gastrointestinal Tract Changes in host physiology – Serotonin markers Changes in microbial metabolites and metabolic activity – Bacterial community – SCFA production Host Physiology Microbial Metabolites/ Metabolic Activity Serotonin PathwayBacterial Community SCFA Production

Hypothesis Antibiotic use affects GI motility through alterations in gut microbial community and/or changes in the host physiology. Gut microbiota GI motility

Goals 1.Determine effects of antibiotics on intestinal transit time and host physiology. 2.Examine antibiotic effects on microbial structure and metabolic profile.

AntibioticTargetTreats Cefoperazonegram + gram - infections: peritonitis Vancomycingram +diarrhea causing bacteria Neomycingram-infections, used in ointments Antibiotic usage

Study Design Measured Transit time Collected luminal contents 16s SCFA Tissues mRNA (qRT-PCR) -Abx in drinking water +Cef in drinking water +Vanco in drinking water +Neo in drinking water

Gastrointestinal Transit Time

Bacterial Community Changes in Antibiotic- Treated Luminal Contents

Short Chain Fatty Acid Changes in Antibiotic- Treated Luminal Contents Propionate Butyrate Acetate Grider and Piland. AJP

Short Chain Fatty Acid Changes in Antibiotic- Treated Luminal Contents

Antibiotic Treatment Effects on Gene Expression Levels

Antibiotic Treatment Effects on Gene Expression Levels

Antibiotic Treatment Effects on Gene Expression Levels

Antibiotic Treatment Effects on Gene Expression Levels

Conclusions 1. Determine effects of antibiotics on intestinal transit time and host physiology. The type of antibiotic may affect the intestinal transit time differently. The broad-spectrum antibiotic Cefoperazone had the largest effect. Serotonin and re-uptake levels are significantly affected. 2. Examine antibiotic effects on microbial structure and metabolic profile. All three antibiotics significantly alter the intestinal microbial community. SCFA production can differ, possibly depending on the diversity or abundance of the microbial community. Antibiotic treatment can significantly: increase GI transit time alter intestinal microbial community. decrease SCFA production affect serotonin pathway

Summary Gut microbiota GI motility Delayed Transit Time Constipation Microbial metabolite production Bacterial community structure

Acknowledgements Dr. Chang, Dr. Touw, & the rest of the Chang lab at University of Chicago All the staff of the Student Inquiry Research Program at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy