Multiple Intelligences In Theory and Practice
What is it?
Howard Gardner Harvard –Eric Erikson MACOS –Jerome Bruner Project Zero –Frames of Mind
What is Intelligence? "An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings." --Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind
The Super Seven Linguistic Logical/Mathematical Musical Bodily-kinesthetic Visual-Spatial Interpersonal Intrapersonal
7 Kinds of Smart word smart numbers smart pictures and images smart sound smart physical smart patterns in nature smart other people smart self smart
Possible Additions Yes –Naturalistic Maybe –Existential No –Spiritual –Moral
Linguistic Reading Writing Listening Speaking
Logical/Mathematical Working with Numbers Mathematical thinking –Patterns Logic –Deductive –Inductive
Musical Listening to music Creating music Mentally repeating info
Visual-Spatial Visual Images Spatial Dimensions Mental imagery Pictorial Representation
Kinesthetic Drama –Role-Play Dance & Movement Manipulatives Physical Education
Interpersonal Cooperative learning Multicultural Education Service Learning Conflict management
Intrapersonal Self-directed learning Emotional intelligence Self-esteem exercises Journal writing
Naturalist Observing natural phenomenon Smelling, seeing, touching, tasting
Existential Exploring the “Big Questions” in life –Meaning –Relevance –Purpose
The New Nine Linguistic Logical/Mathematical Musical Kinesthetic Spatial Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist Existential
A Mnemonic Device
Applications to Education Balanced curriculum Interdisciplinary units Authentic Assessment Apprenticeships
Issues/Problems Is Gardner’s criteria adequate? Does the model hold up? Is there empirical evidence? Is the theory being misinterpreted or misapplied?
Works Consulted Armstrong, Thomas. Seven Kinds of Smart : Identifying and Developing Your Multiple Intelligences. New York: Plume, Gardner, Howard (1983; 1993) Frames of Mind: The theory of multiple intelligences, New York: Basic Books. Gardner, Howard (1999) Intelligence Reframed. Multiple intelligences for the 21st century, New York: Basic Books. McKenzie, Walter. The One and Only Surfaquarium Smith, M. K. (2002) 'Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences', the encyclopedia of informal education,