Technology in Action Alan Evans Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Twelfth Edition

Technology in Action Chapter 2 Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts

Understanding Digital Components Understanding Your Computer Input Devices and Output Devices Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-2

Understanding Your Computer Objectives 1.What exactly is a computer and what are its four main functions? 2.What is the difference between data and information? 3.What are bits and bytes, and how are they measured? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-3

Input Devices and Output Devices Objectives 4.What devices can I use to get data into the computer? 5.What devices can I use to get information out of the computer? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-4

Understanding Your Computer Computers are Data-Processing Devices Perform four major functions  Input: Gathers data, allows entering data  Process: Manipulates, calculates, or organizes data  Output: Displays data and information  Storage: Saves data and information Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-5

Understanding Your Computer Computers are Data-Processing Devices Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or idea Information: Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-6

Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers Bit  Binary digit  0 or 1 Byte  Unique combinations of 8 bits of 0s and 1s Each letter, number, or character is a unique combination of 8 bits of 0s and 1s Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-7

ASCII Table Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-8

Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-9 NameAbbreviationNumber of Bytes ByteB1 byte KilobyteKB1,024 bytes (2 10 ) MegabyteMB1,048,576 bytes (2 20 bytes) GigabyteGB1,073,741,824 bytes (2 30 bytes) TerabyteTB1,099,511,627,776 bytes (2 40 bytes) PetabytePB1,125,899,906,842,62 bytes (2 50 bytes) ExabyteEB1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes (2 60 bytes) ZettabyteZB1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes (2 70 bytes)

Understanding Your Computer Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers Computer uses combination of hardware and software to process data into information  Hardware is any part of the computer you can physically touch  Software is set of computer programs Application software System software –Operating system (OS) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-10

Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Two basic designs of computers  Portable Laptop computers Netbooks Tablet PCs Tablet computer Ultrabooks  Stationary Desktop computers –Separate case plus peripheral devices All-in-one computers Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-11

Types of Computers (cont.) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Tablet PCs Laptop computer and netbook (7-10) Tablet computer

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc Ultrabook All-in-one computers

Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Mainframe  Supports many users simultaneously Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-14

Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Supercomputer  Complex calculations Embedded  Self-contained  Example: electronic thermostat Smartphone Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-15

Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Supercomputer  Performs complex calculations extremely rapidly Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-16

Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers Embedded Computer  A specially designed computer chip that resides in another device  Smartphone Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-17

Input Devices Enter data and instructions Examples  Keyboard  Mouse  Microphone  Scanner  Digital camera  Stylus Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-18

Input Devices Keyboards Wireless keyboards work via radio frequencies or Bluetooth technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-19

Input Devices Keyboards Alternative keyboards  Flexible keyboards  Virtual laser keyboard Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-20

Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices Optical mouse  Internal sensor or laser detects movement  Moves pointer on the screen Wireless mouse  Optical and trackball  Data sent by radio frequency (RF) or Bluetooth technology Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-21

Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices Touch pads and trackpoint devices take place of mouse on laptops Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-22

Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices Game controllers send data to computer  Joysticks  Game pads  Steering wheels Most game controllers are wireless to provide extra mobility Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-23

Input Devices Image Input Digital cameras, camcorders, cell phones  Capture pictures and video Scanners  Create digital image Webcams  Capture and transmit live video  Used for videoconferences Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-24

Input Devices Sound Input A microphone (mic) captures sound waves and transfer them to digital format Sound input allows  Video conferencing  Audio conferencing  Chatting with friends or family over the Internet instead of using a phone  Recording podcasts Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-25

Input Devices Sound Input Close talk microphones Omnidirectional Unidirectional Clip-on microphones Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-26

Output Devices Enable you to send processed data out of the computer in the form of:  Text  Pictures  Sounds  Video Examples  Monitors  Printers  Speakers and earphones Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-27

Output Devices Monitors Liquid crystal display (LCD) Light-emitting diode (LED)  Better color accuracy and thinner panels than LCD Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  Use organic compounds that produce light Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-28

Output Devices Monitors How LCD Monitors work  Screens are grids made up of millions of tiny dots called pixels  Each pixel is composed of red, blue, and green subpixels (and sometimes yellow)  Two or more sheets of material are filled with liquid crystal solution  A fluorescent panel generates light waves  Crystals block or let light shine through to cause images to form on the screen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-29

Output Devices Monitors Choosing an LCD Monitor  Aspect ratio – width to height proportion (4:3 or 16:9)  Resolution – number of pixels displayed on screen  Viewing angle – distance in degrees from which you can move to the side of (or above or below) a monitor (150 degrees or more) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-30

Output Devices Projector Lets you project images from your computer onto a wall or viewing screen Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-31

Output Devices Printers Inkjet  Affordable  High-quality color  Quick and quiet Laser  Faster printing speed  Higher-quality printouts  More expensive Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-32

Output Devices Printers All-in-one printer  Printer, scanner, copier, and fax Plotter  Prints oversize images Thermal printer Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-33

Sound Output Speaker  Output device for sound  Surround-sound speakers  Wireless speaker systems Headphones or earbuds Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-34

Processing, Storage, and Connectivity Processing, Memory, and Storage Ports and Power Controls Setting It All Up Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-35

Processing, Memory, and Storage Objectives 6.What’s on the motherboard? 7.Where are information and programs stored? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-36

Ports and Power Controls Objectives 8.How are devices connected to the computer? 9.What’s the best way to turn my computer on and off, and when should it be done? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-37

Setting It All Up Objective 10.How do I set up my computer to avoid strain and injury? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-38

Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Motherboard:Main circuit board containing central electronic components of the computer  CPU  ROM, RAM, and cache  Slots for expansion cards  Network interface card (NIC) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-39

Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Memory RAM Random access memory  Stores instructions and data  Series of several memory cards or modules  Temporary (volatile) storage ROM Read-only memory  Stores startup instructions  Permanent (nonvolatile) storage Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-40

Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing Central Processing Unit  Also called CPU or processor  Referred to as “Brains” of the computer  Controls all functions of the computer’s components  Processes all commands and instructions  Can perform billions of tasks per second Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-41

Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing CPU Performance Measures  Processor speed measured in hertz (Hz) Megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)  Number of cores Single Dual Quad Eight Ten Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-42

Storing Data and Information Hard Drives Primary device for permanent storage Internal hard drive  Inside of the system Solid-State Drive (SSD)  No moving parts  Runs with no noise  Emits little heat  Requires little power  Less likely to fail Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-43

Storing Data and Information Other Portable Options Cloud Storage External hard drives Flash Storage (jump drive, USB drive, thumb drive)  Use solid-state flash memory  No moving parts  Plug into USB ports Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-44

Storing Data and Information Flash Memory (cont.) Flash memory card  Convenience means of portable storage  Uses solid-state flash memory  Allows you to transfer digital data between computer and devices Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-45

Storing Data and Information Optical Storage Compact discs (CDs) Digital video discs (DVDs)  Store more data than CDs Blu-ray discs (BDs) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-46

Connecting Peripherals to the Computer A port is a place through which a peripheral device attaches to computer Many ports are located on the back of the computer Some commonly used ports are placed on the front and sides for easier access Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-47

Connecting Peripherals to the Computer High-Speed and Data Transfer Ports Universal serial bus (USB) New USB 3.1 standard port  Transfer speeds of 10 Gbps FireWire 800  Transfer speeds up to 800 Mbps Thunderbolt  Transfer speeds up to 20 Gbps Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc USB connector types: standard, micro, and mini.

Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Connectivity and Multimedia Ports Connectivity port  Access to networks and the Internet Ethernet port Audio ports  Connect headphones, microphones, speakers Video ports  Connect monitors and multimedia devices  HDMI (High-Definition multimedia Interface)  Video graphics array (VGA) and DVI ports to connect older LCD monitors. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-49

Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Adding Ports: Expansion Cards and Hubs Expansion cards  New port standards Expansion hubs  Enable several devices to be connected to a port Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-50

Power Controls Power supply transforms the wall voltage to voltages required by computer chips Cold boot: Powering on your computer from a completely turned-off state Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-51

Power Controls (cont.) Warm boot  Restarting the system while it’s powered on Sleep Mode  Main method of power management in Windows 8  Documents, applications, data remain in RAM Hibernate  Similar to Sleep  All data is stored on hard drive  Computer is powered off Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-52

Setting It All Up Ergonomics refers to how you set up your computer to minimize risk of injury, discomfort, or eyestrain Guidelines to follow  Position monitor correctly  Use adjustable chair  Take breaks from computer  Ensure that lighting is adequate  Proper position while typing Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-53

Setting It All Up (cont.) Mobile computing devices present challenges to injury prevention Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-54

Check Your Understanding 1.What exactly is a computer, and what are its four main functions? 2.What is the difference between data and information? 3.What are bits and bytes, and how are they measured? 4.What devices can I use to get data into the computer? 5.What devices can I use to get information out of the computer? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-55

Check Your Understanding 6.What’s on the motherboard? 7.Where are information and programs stored? 8.How are devices connected to the computer? 9.What’s the best way to turn my computer on and off, and when should it be done? 10. How do I set up my computer to avoid strain and injury? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-56

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.