KS1 Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling for Parents

The Aims Of This Evening To give you an overview of the Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPAG) expectations in the new curriculum. To provide basic information about grammar and punctuation.

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 1 Prefixes and Suffixes The prefix –un changes the meaning of verbs and adjectives. The helpful girl. The unhelpful girl. We tied the boat. We untied the boat. Regular plural noun suffixes –s or –es dog dogs wish wishes Suffixes that can be added to verbs where no change is needed in the spelling of root words. help helping, helped, helper Use of suffixes –er, – est in adjectives and use of –ly to turn adjectives into adverbs. large larger, largest

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 2 One of the basic units of English is the sentence. Sentences are defined as a group of words with a VERB, CAPITAL LETTER, FULL STOP. A sentence expresses a complete thought and makes sense. There are 4 types of sentence. Statement-assert facts/opinions Question-a sentence that could elicit an answer Command-an order which often leaves out the subject of the sentence Exclamation-statements of surprise or strong emotion

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 3 Full stops are used at the end of every sentence. I go to school. Capital letters are used at the beginning of every sentence and for names and the word ‘I’. Come to my house and you can play with Sarah. Question marks are used after a direct question. Will you go with me? Exclamation marks make the emotion of a sentence stronger and should be used in moderation. Hi! It’s great here! I saw a dolphin swimming! OMG!!!! I wish you were here!!!!!!! Commas separate items in a list. My interests include reading, cooking, dogs and horses.

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 4 Apostrophes indicate missing letters/contractions. is not > isn’t we would > we’d I will > I’ll Apostrophes indicate possession. the dog’s bowl > the bowl that belongs to the dog the woman’s hat > the hat that belongs to the woman the princess’ crown > the crown that belongs to the princess the butchers’ shop > the shop that belongs to the butcher an extra s is option if the word ends in s or ss already e.g. parents’s evening or parents’ evening is equally acceptable. If there is an extra syllable e.g. James’s, then ‘s should be used. it’s > it is or it has its > possessive e.g. the statue lost its hands.

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 5 Word classes Nouns name things, ideas or people. They can be concrete, common, proper, abstract or collective. e.g. cat, Derek, castle, love, fact, flock Adjectives describe nouns. They can be absolute, comparative or superlative. e.g. red cat; bleak, intimidating castle; undying love; interesting fact Verbs are doing or being words. They can behave in a range of ways. e.g. kick, is, feel, seem Adverbs describe how, where, and when things happen. They ‘describe’ verbs. e.g. peacefully, carefully, outside, by the car, tomorrow, today

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 6 Sentence types Simple sentence-a sentence which has only one clause. The dragon guarded the cave. Compound sentence-two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction. The dragon guarded the cave and he scratched the ground near the entrance.

Grammar and Punctuation Knowledge 7 Verb tenses and verb aspects Present/past – different verb tenses indicate when the verb is being executed. Jack is eating his lunch Jack ate his lunch She is shouting She was shouting

Progression in Grammar, Punctuation, Vocabulary and Spelling 1Regular plural noun suffixes –s or –es [for example, dog, dogs; wish, wishes], including the effects of these suffixes on the meaning of the noun Suffixes that can be added to verbs where no change is needed in the spelling of root words (e.g. helping, helped, helper) How the prefix un– changes the meaning of verbs and adjectives [negation, for example, unkind, or undoing: untie the boat] How words can combine to make sentences Joining words and joining clauses using and Sequencing sentences to form short narratives Separation of words with spaces Introduction to capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks to demarcate sentences Capital letters for names and for the personal pronoun I letter, capital letter word, singular, plural sentence punctuation, full stop, question mark, exclamation mark 2 Formation of nouns using suffixes such as –ness, –er and by compounding [for example, whiteboard, superman] Formation of adjectives using suffixes such as –ful, –less Use of the suffixes –er, –est in adjectives and the use of –ly in Standard English to turn adjectives into adverbs Subordination (using when, if, that, because) and co- ordination (using or, and, but) Expanded noun phrases for description and specification [for example, the blue butterfly, plain flour, the man in the moon] How the grammatical patterns in a sentence indicate its function as a statement, question, exclamation or command Correct choice and consistent use of present tense and past tense throughout writing Use of the progressive form of verbs in the present and past tense to mark actions in progress [for example, she is drumming, he was shouting] Use of capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks to demarcate sentences Commas to separate items in a list Apostrophes to mark where letters are missing in spelling and to mark singular possession in nouns [for example, the girl’s name] noun, noun phrase statement, question, exclamation, command, compound, adjective, verb, suffix adverb tense (past, present) apostrophe, comma Year Group Word (See English Spelling Appendix 1) SentenceTextPunctuationTerminology for pupils

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