FunctionsExamples Primary Energy Source (Quick energy) Very little energy required to breakdown is reason it’s used first Glucose, sucrose, fructose,

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Presentation transcript:

FunctionsExamples Primary Energy Source (Quick energy) Very little energy required to breakdown is reason it’s used first Glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose Energy storage Starch (plants), Glycogen (animals – muscles and liver) Structural Cellulose (plant fiber), Chitin (exoskeleton, cell walls in fungi) Many carbohydrate names end in –ose. Ex. Ribose, Glucose, Sucrose

 Produced by green plants in chloroplasts through photosynthesis

 MONOSACCHARIDES: Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) – blood sugar, used for cellular respiration Fructose - found in fruit Galactose – found in milk Deoxyribose - used in DNA (5 Carbon sugar – missing one “O”) Ribose: Used in RNA (5 Carbon sugar)

 Two single sugars are put together – pulling a water molecule out to build a bond by taking the OH group off and the hydrogen atom off the other molecule.  Two molecules bind together through an atom of oxygen.

Dehydration Synthesis – removing H 2 O = Two sugars join together

How do to undo what we just built? ….Just reverse the process by adding the water molecule back in. The bonds would need to be broken this time and OH and H are added back.

Hydrolysis: Hydro (water) lysis (to cut) = cutting with water

POLYSACCHARIDES (POLY = MANY) S TARCH ( STORAGE ROLE ) – BENT CHAINS ( PLANTS ) H UNDREDS OF GLUCOSE MOLECULES ARE ATTACHED OVER AND OVER AGAIN. W HY ARE PLANTS DOING IT ? W HY DO PLANTS MAKE THESE LARGE MOLECULES ? - S TORE EXCESS SUGARS.

POLYSACCHARIDES (POLY = MANY) G LYCOGEN ( STORAGE ROLE ) – CHAINS ARE BRANCHED ( ANIMALS ) T HOUSANDS OF GLUCOSE MOLECULES ARE BROKEN DOWN TO MONOSACCHARIDES  REATTACH THEM AGAIN AND STORE AS GLYCOGEN IN THE LIVER. W E CAN GET TO THAT STORAGE WHEN WE NEED IT  CHOP UP THOSE MONOSACCHARIDES IN ORDER TO USE THEM IN OUR CELLS.

POLYSACCHARIDES (POLY = MANY) C ELLULOSE (S TRUCTURAL ROLE - STRAIGHT CHAINS ) T HE STRUCTURE IN PLANTS IS MADE OF CELLULOSE. M AJOR COMPONENT OF PLANTS ’ CELL WALL ; COMMONLY KNOWN AS FIBER ( ROUGHAGE ) – FORM STRAIGHT CHAINS – PROVIDES RIGIDITY – GIVES “ CRUNCH ” TO FRUITS AND VEGETABLES T HERE ARE HYDROGEN BONDS BETWEEN THE POLYSACCHARIDES, WHICH MAKES THEM VERY DURABLE.

POLYSACCHARIDES (POLY = MANY) C HITIN (S TRUCTURAL ROLE - STRAIGHT CHAINS - LINEAR ) S TRUCTURE IN EXOSKELETON OF ARTHROPODS AND CELL WALLS OF FUNGI – FORM STRAIGHT CHAINS