TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Chapter 1 Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: Introduction Understand how the Internet came into being Understand the meaning of the terms protocol and standard Understand the various organizations involved in the standards Understand the different levels of Internet service providers Understand the groups involved in Internet administration

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2 Figure 1.1 Internet today (before ARPANET, MILNET, NSFNET)

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3 Chapter 2 Upon completion you will be able to: The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Understand the architecture of the OSI model Understand the layers of the OSI model and their functions Understand the architecture of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Differentiate between the OSI model and the TCP/IP Suite Differentiate between the three types of Internet addresses Objectives

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4 Figure 2.2 OSI layers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5 Figure 2.3 An exchange using the OSI model

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6 Figure 2.14 Summary of layers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7 Figure 2.15 TCP/IP and OSI model

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8 Figure 2.16 Three types of addresses in TCP/IP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9 Figure 2.17 Relationship of layers and addresses in TCP/IP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10 Figure 2.18 Physical addresses

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11 Figure 2.19 NIC addresses and IP addresses

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12 Example 4 As we will see in Chapter 4, an Internet address (in IPv4) is 32 bits in length, normally written as four decimal numbers, with each number representing 1 byte. The numbers are separated by a dot. Below is an example of such an address An internet address in IPv4 in decimal numbers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13 Figure 2.20 shows an example of transport layer communication. Data coming from the upperlayers have port addresses j and k ( j is the address of the sending process, and k is the address of the receiving process). Since the data size is larger than the network layer can handle, the data are split into two packets, each packet retaining the service-point addresses ( j and k). Then in the network layer, network addresses (A and P) are added to each packet. Example 5 See Next Slide

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14 The packets can travel on different paths and arrive at the destination either in order or out of order. The two packets are delivered to the destination transport layer, which is responsible for removing the network layer headers and combining the two pieces of data for delivery to the upper layers. Example 5 (Continued) See Next Slide

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15 Figure 2.20 Port addresses

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16 As we will see in Chapters 11, 12, and 13, a port address is a 16-bit address represented by one decimal number as shown below. Example A 16-bit port address represented as one single number.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite IP Versions IP became the official protocol for the Internet in As the Internet has evolved, so has IP. There have been six versions since its inception. We look at two versions in detail this quarter: Version 4 (Version 5) Only a testing version Version 6 (later in quarter)

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18 Chapter 3 Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: Underlying Technology Understand the different versions of wired Ethernet Understand wireless Ethernet Understand the types of point-to-point WANs Understand the types of switched WANs, especially ATM Differentiate between repeaters, bridges, routers, and hubs

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 19 Figure 3.2 CSMA/CD

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20 Figure 3.4 Ethernet frame

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21 Figure 3.14 CSMA/CA

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 22 Figure 3.15 Frame

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 23 Figure K modem

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 24 Table 3.2 T line rates

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 25 Table 3.3 SONET rates

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 26 Figure 3.22 Frame Relay network

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 27 Figure 3.23 ATM multiplexing

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 28 Figure 3.24 Architecture of an ATM network

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 29 Figure 3.25 Virtual circuits

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 30 Figure 3.27 ATM layers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 31 Figure 3.28 Connecting devices

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 32 Figure 3.29 Repeater

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 33 Figure 3.30 Function of a repeater

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 34 Figure 3.31 Bridge

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 35 Figure 3.32 Learning bridge

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 36 Figure 3.33 Routing example