Therapeutic Diets

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Therapeutic Diets Modification of normal diet used to improve specific health condition Modification of normal diet used to improve specific health condition Normally prescribed by physician and planned by dietitian Normally prescribed by physician and planned by dietitian May change nutrients, caloric content, and/or texture May change nutrients, caloric content, and/or texture May seem strange and even unpleasant to patient May seem strange and even unpleasant to patient

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 Regular or Standard Diet Balanced diet Balanced diet Usually used for ambulatory patients Usually used for ambulatory patients May have slight calorie reduction May have slight calorie reduction Decreased or omitted: rich desserts, cream sauces, salad dressings, and fried foods Decreased or omitted: rich desserts, cream sauces, salad dressings, and fried foods

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4 Liquid Diets Clear and full liquids Clear and full liquids Liquid foods at body temperature Liquid foods at body temperature Clear: carbohydrates and water Clear: carbohydrates and water Full: clear liquids plus other liquids Full: clear liquids plus other liquids Uses such as the following: surgery, digestive problems, to replace lost fluids, and in preparation for X-rays of the digestive tract Uses such as the following: surgery, digestive problems, to replace lost fluids, and in preparation for X-rays of the digestive tract

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5 Soft Diet Similar to a regular diet, but foods are easy to digest Similar to a regular diet, but foods are easy to digest Avoid meat, shellfish, coarse cereals, spicy foods, rich desserts, fried foods, raw vegetables, fruits, and nuts Avoid meat, shellfish, coarse cereals, spicy foods, rich desserts, fried foods, raw vegetables, fruits, and nuts Uses: after surgery, patients with infections, digestive disorders, and chewing problems Uses: after surgery, patients with infections, digestive disorders, and chewing problems

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6 Diabetic Diet Used for patients with diabetes mellitus who often take insulin Used for patients with diabetes mellitus who often take insulin Exchange lists are used to choose foods on exchange lists Exchange lists are used to choose foods on exchange lists Avoid sugar-heavy foods Avoid sugar-heavy foods

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 Calorie-Controlled Diets Low-calorie—used for patients who are overweight; avoid or limit high-calorie foods Low-calorie—used for patients who are overweight; avoid or limit high-calorie foods High-calorie—used for patients who are underweight, have anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer High-calorie—used for patients who are underweight, have anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8 Low-Cholesterol Diet Restricts foods containing cholesterol Restricts foods containing cholesterol Used for patients with atherosclerosis and heart disease Used for patients with atherosclerosis and heart disease Limit foods high in saturated fats Limit foods high in saturated fats

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9 Fat-Restricted Diets Also called low-fat diet Also called low-fat diet Used for patients with gallbladder and liver disease, obesity, and certain heart diseases Used for patients with gallbladder and liver disease, obesity, and certain heart diseases Avoid foods high in fat Avoid foods high in fat

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 Sodium-Restricted Diets Otherwise known as low-sodium or low-salt diets Otherwise known as low-sodium or low-salt diets Used for cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, and fluid retention Used for cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, and fluid retention Avoid or limit addition of salt; avoid salt-rich foods Avoid or limit addition of salt; avoid salt-rich foods

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11 Protein Diets Protein-rich foods such as meats, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs Protein-rich foods such as meats, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs High-protein for children and adolescents for additional growth, pregnant or lactating women, surgery, burns, fevers, infections High-protein for children and adolescents for additional growth, pregnant or lactating women, surgery, burns, fevers, infections Low-protein for certain kidney or renal diseases and allergic conditions Low-protein for certain kidney or renal diseases and allergic conditions

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12 Bland Diet Easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract Easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract Used for patients with ulcers, colitis, and other digestive diseases Used for patients with ulcers, colitis, and other digestive diseases

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13 Low-Residue Diet Eliminate or limit foods high in bulk and fiber Eliminate or limit foods high in bulk and fiber For patients with digestive or rectal diseases such as colitis or diarrhea For patients with digestive or rectal diseases such as colitis or diarrhea

Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14 Other Therapeutic Diets Other diets may be ordered that restrict or increase certain nutrients Other diets may be ordered that restrict or increase certain nutrients Check prescribed diet and ask questions if foods seem incorrect Check prescribed diet and ask questions if foods seem incorrect Include patient’s likes if allowed Include patient’s likes if allowed If patient refuses foods on diet, this will not contribute to good nutrition If patient refuses foods on diet, this will not contribute to good nutrition