Cell Growth & Division Control of Cell Cycle | Disruptions to Cell Cycle.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
10.3 Workbook Corrections.
Advertisements

Mitosis & Cancer: When Making New Cells Goes Terribly Wrong!
Alterations in the Cell Cycle and Gene Mutations that Cause Cancer
4/12/2015 The Cell Cycle Control “to divide or not to divide, that is the question”.
Early Embryonic Development Maternal effect gene products set the stage by controlling the expression of the first embryonic genes. 1. Transcription factors.
AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division.
The Cell Cycle and Cancer. Cell signaling: chemical communication between cells. Click on above to go to animation second chemical response inside the.
Regulation of Cell Division (Ch. 12) Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues.
34 Cancer.
Cell Division and Apoptosis II chapter 17. Activation of a cyclin dependent kinase.
The Cell Cycle & Cancer Mader Chapter 24.1.
1. Cancer and the cell cycle
AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division.
Cell Division Stimulants DNA overload Exchange of material- ratio of surface area to volume.
Overview of Cell Cycle Control
Topic 2: Regulating the cell cycle Unit 5. 2 G1 checkpoint: if conditions are not appropriate (missing essential nutrients, not enough space, etc), the.
CANCER Definition Abnormal growth of cells that invade tissues and spread to other sites. Cell Regulation Normal Mitosis Reproduction occurs only when.
Cancer and the Cell Cycle. Outline of the lecture n What is cancer? n Review of the cell cycle and regulation of cell growth n Which types of genes when.
Cell Cycle and Cancer.
Cancer When cell division goes wrong……. Growing out of control, cancer cells produce malignant tumors Cancer is a general term for many diseases in.
Warm-up 1. Place the following terms in order as they occur: prometaphase, G2, telophase, prophase, anaphase, G1, metaphase, S, and cytokinesis. 2. Answer.
Section 10.3 (Pg ): Regulating the Cell Cycle
Genetics of Cancer Genetic Mutations that Lead to Uncontrolled Cell Growth.
Essentials of Biology Sylvia S. Mader
Cell Cycle Stages cells pass through from 1 cell division to the next.
154 lb Leg tumor Regulation of Cell Division Target: I can describe what happens when uncontrolled cell growth occurs
Mitosis & Cancer: When Making New Cells Goes Terribly Wrong!
Control of the Cell Cycle, Cell Signaling and Cancer Chapter 10 Section 9.3 & Chapter 5 Section 5.6 Biology In Focus AP Biology 2014 Ms. Eggers.
CELL CYCLE.
KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth.
In the early 1970s, a variety of experiments led to the hypothesis that the cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm.
AP Biology Chapter 12. Regulation of Cell Division 1.
Regulation of Cell Division
Mitosis & Cancer: When Making New Cells Goes Terribly Wrong!
Regulation of Cell Division Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues & organs.
Genetics of Cancer Genetic Mutations that Lead to Uncontrolled Cell Growth.
Part IV and Chapter 11 Biology Sixth Edition Raven/Johnson (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division Chapter 12.3 The cell cycle is highly regulated with checkpoints, which determine the fate of the cell.
Cell Biology Lec.5 Dr:Buthaina Al-Sabawi Date: Cell Biology Lec.5 Dr:Buthaina Al-Sabawi Date: The Cell Cycle The cell cycle, is the.
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION Sapling 3.4 Cell Cycle & Mitosis CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School.
AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division.
MITOSIS: CELL CYCLE CONTROL. OVERVIEW: Has 4 phases – G 1, S, G 2, and M Driven by specific molecular signals present in the cytoplasm Controlled by a.
5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle TEKS 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 9C The student is expected to: 5A describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic.
Regulation of the Cell Cycle. How does a cell know when to divide and when not to divide?
AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division.
The Cell Cycle and Cancer. How is growth controlled? How is the Cell Cycle Regulated? Clue: cytoplasmic chemicals can signal mitosis.
CELL CYCLE REGULATION Cell Cycle Review hill.com/sites/ /student_vi ew0/chapter2/animation__mitosis_and _cytokinesis.html.
10.3 Regulating the Cell Cycle. 2 Which of the cells depicted in the line graph below are most likely cancerous?
Ch.10-3 Regulating the Cell Cycle. POINT > Identify 3 reasons cells divide POINT > Describe the role of cyclins in cell division POINT > Identify other.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu CANCER how does it happen?
The cell cycle prokaryotic eukaryotic Control of the cell cycle loss of control- cancer What is cell differentiation and why does it happen? what is a.
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
Regulation of Cell Division and Cancer
The Genetic Basis of Cancer
Regulating the Cell Cycle
Regulation of Cell Division
Regulation of Cell Division
Regulating the Cell Cycle
Regulation of the Cell Cycle & Cancer
Alterations in the Cell Cycle and Gene Mutations that Cause Cancer
Regulation of Cell Division
Regulation of Cell Division
The Cell Cycle and Understanding Cancer
Chapter 10.3 Section 3 Regulating The Cell Cycle Objectives
10.3 Regulating the Cell Cycle
The cell cycle: The continuity of life depends on cells growing, replicating their genetic material, and then dividing. The cell cycle consists of two.
Regulation of Cell Division
Ch.10-3 Regulating the Cell Cycle
Members: Zenab, Venus, Irla AP Bio, Pd. 7&8
Control of the Cell Cycle
Presentation transcript:

Cell Growth & Division Control of Cell Cycle | Disruptions to Cell Cycle

Learning Objectives Discuss control of the cell cycle Analyze how disruptions to the cell cycle can lead to cancer The Cell Cycle

DNA replication control: – Genes provide instructions for DNA replication process – Proteins find and repair mistakes in DNA Cell cycle checkpoints: – Chemical signals tell cycle to continue or stop Control of the Cell Cycle

Cells enter resting phase (G 0 ) after G 1 in the absence of a continue signal Contact inhibition can occur when neighboring cells touch, sending signals to halt cell division Control of the Cell Cycle

Intracellular Controls: 1. Checkpoints: Specific sites in the cycle that monitor the progress of cell division. Intracellular Controls: a. G 1 Checkpoint: “Restriction Point” in animal cells, “Start” in yeast cell. Assesses environmental conditions b. G 2 Checkpoint: Triggers start of M Phase c. M Checkpoint: Assesses mitosis Cell Cycle Control

Extracellular Controls: 1. Mitogens: Stimulate cell division by relieving negative controls “Release the brakes” (release Cdks) Primarily in G 1 Stage Responds to growth signals Examples: PDGF (Platelet Derived Growth Factor) EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) Extracellular Controls: 2. Growth Factors: Bind to receptors on the cell membrane surface and activate intracellular signaling. 3. Survival Factors: Signals from other cells preventing apoptosis. Competition (cells with enough SF continue living) Cell Cycle Control

Intracellular Controls: Cyclins: Proteins that undergo synthesis & degradation in each cell cycle Cyclin Dependent Kinases (Cdk’s) Proteins that activate or suppress Inactive until bound to a CYCLIN Express their activity at the various “checkpoints” by adding PO 4 group Cell Cycle Control

Checkpoint video Cell Cycle Control

Mutations – a mistake in the replication of DNA Inherited mutations cause genetic diseases Mutations accumulated during a lifetime cause disruptions in protein production or the cell cycle Disruptions to the Cell Cycle

Specific genes act as molecular switch checkpoints – Activation of these genes regulates mitosis and cell division – Mutations in these genes can cause checkpoint malfunctions Proto-oncogenes – the genes which control the timing of cell division – Oncogene – the genes that instruct unlimited division Results from mutation in a proto-oncogene Tumor suppressor genes – the genes which suppress abnormal cell growth – Contain instructions for cell repair and death – Mutations allow cells to divide uncontrollably Disruptions to the Cell Cycle

G 1 Checkpoint:  Called “Restriction Point” in animal cells  Multiple control factors required Cyclin & G 1 Cdk “Rb Protein” (Retinoblastoma) “P 53 Protein” Proto-oncogenes vs. Oncogene

Rb Protein: Blocks S Phase Influenced by external factors P 53 Gene: “Guardian Angel gene” Assesses DNA Prevents S Phase if DNA inaccurate Allows time for repair & correction Severe DNA damage  apoptosis “Better dead than read” Cell Cycle Control

14 Regulation at the G1 Checkpoint Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. P P RB protein RB protein E2F CDK not present E2F not released released E2F E2F binds to DNA. DNA cell cycle proteins phosphorylated RB CDK present b. P P P P breakdown of p53 no DNA damage DNA damage phosphorylated p53 DNA repair proteins apoptosis p53 binds to DNA. DNA p53

Tumor – an uncontrolled growth of cells – Benign – a localized tumor which usually does not cause disease – Malignant – a type of tumor in which the cells tend to invade and spread throughout the body – Cancer – a disease in which malignant cells invade and destroy body tissues Disruptions to the Cell Cycle

Carcinogens – the types of radiation, viruses, or chemicals known to cause cancer – stimulate cancer development by damaging DNA Disruptions to the Cell Cycle