1 Bell Ringer l Describe how the law of conservation of mass is satisfied by balancing a chemical reaction. l Balance the following equation: l Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + H 2 SO 4  CaSO 4 + H 3 PO 4

2 The student will: SWBAT’s l Define five of the most common reaction types (synthesis/combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double displacement, and combustion). l Given a set of reactants and products, classify the reaction for five common reaction types. l Given the reactants, predict the anticipated products for the 5 basic forms of reaction types. (Example: for a basic decomposition reaction, the reactant is a binary ionic compound.) l Conduct multiple double-displacement chemical reactions in the qualitative analysis lab. l Perform the qualitative analysis lab. Using the observations from this lab, determine the identity of several unknown ionic compounds during a lab test.

3 The student will: SWBAT’s l Determine whether a single replacement reaction will occur based on a given set of reactants and the activity series. If a reaction occurs, predict the products that would be expected to form. l Use solubility rules to determine whether a given ionic compound is soluble or insoluble in water. l Given two ionic compounds as reactants, determine the substances anticipated to form and the physical state of each substance. l Describe a chemical reaction in different ways including using words and symbolic forms. l Describe how the law of conservation of mass is satisfied by balancing a chemical reaction. l Given a skeleton reaction, balance it by adding coefficients.

4 l 4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s l 3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT l 2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help l 1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help l 0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!

5 Video l Before you go through these notes, watch the following video to find/identify the different reaction types. l Five Major Chemical Reactions Five Major Chemical Reactions l OR l How to Recognize and Classify Chemical Reactions How to Recognize and Classify Chemical Reactions

6 Unit 4 “Chemical Reactions” Adapted from: Pre-AP Chemistry Charles Page High School Stephen L. Cotton

7 Types of Chemical Reactions  OBJECTIVES: ‒ Describe the five general types of reactions.

8 Types of Chemical Reactions  OBJECTIVES: –Predict the products of the five general types of reactions.

9 Types of Reactions  Chemical Reactions fall into several categories.  We will learn:  a) the 5 major types.  b) to be able to predict the products.  How?  We recognize them by their reactants

10 Steps to Writing Reactions  Some steps for doing reactions 1.Identify the type of reaction 2.Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction as a model 3.Balance it  Don’t forget about the diatomic elements! (HONClBrIF)  Ex. Oxygen is O 2 as an element.  In a compound, it can’t be a diatomic element because it’s not an element anymore, it’s a compound!

11 #1 - Synthesis Reactions  2 substances combine to make one compound (also called “combination”)  reactant + reactant  1 product  Basically: A + B  AB Ca + O 2  CaO SO 3 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4  We can predict the products, especially if the reactants are two elements.

12 #1 – Synthesis Reactions  Additional Important Notes: a) Some nonmetal oxides react with water to produce an acid: SO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 SO 3 (aq) (This is what happens to make “acid rain”) b) Some metallic oxides react with water to produce a base: CaO (s) + H 2 O (l)  Ca(OH) 2 (aq)

13 #2 - Decomposition Reactions  One reactant breaks apart into two or more elements or compounds.  1 Reactant  Product + Product  In general: AB  A + B NaCl Na + Cl 2 CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2  Note that energy (heat, sunlight, electricity, etc.) is usually required

14 #3 - Single Replacement Reactions  One element replaces another  Reactants must be an element and a compound.  Products will be a different element and a different compound.  Na + KCl  K + NaCl  F 2 + LiCl  LiF + Cl 2 (Cations switched) (Anions switched)

15 #3 Single Replacement Reactions  A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-).  element + compound  element + compound A + BC  AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC  BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!)

16 #4 - Double Replacement Reactions  Two things replace each other.  Reactants must be two ionic compounds, in aqueous solution Compound + compound  compound + compound AB + CD  AD + CB  NaOH + FeCl 3  Fe(OH) 3 + NaCl  The positive ions change place.

17 #4 - Double Replacement Reactions  Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Example: AgNO 3(aq) + NaCl (s)  AgCl (s) + NaNO 3(aq) Another example: K 2 SO 4(aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  KNO 3(aq) + BaSO 4(s) 2

18 How to recognize which type?  Look at the reactants: E + E =Combination C =Decomposition E + C =Single replacement C + C =Double replacement

19 #5 – Combustion Reactions  Combustion means “add oxygen”  Normally, a compound composed of a hydrocarbon (only C, H, and maybe O) is reacted with oxygen – usually called “burning”  If the combustion is complete, the products will always be CO 2 and H 2 O.

20 The student will: SWBAT’s l Define five of the most common reaction types (synthesis/combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double displacement, and combustion). l Given a set of reactants and products, classify the reaction for five common reaction types. l Given the reactants, predict the anticipated products for the 5 basic forms of reaction types. (Example: for a basic decomposition reaction, the reactant is a binary ionic compound.) l Conduct multiple double-displacement chemical reactions in the qualitative analysis lab. l Perform the qualitative analysis lab. Using the observations from this lab, determine the identity of several unknown ionic compounds during a lab test.

21 The student will: SWBAT’s l Determine whether a single replacement reaction will occur based on a given set of reactants and the activity series. If a reaction occurs, predict the products that would be expected to form. l Use solubility rules to determine whether a given ionic compound is soluble or insoluble in water. l Given two ionic compounds as reactants, determine the substances anticipated to form and the physical state of each substance. l Describe a chemical reaction in different ways including using words and symbolic forms. l Describe how the law of conservation of mass is satisfied by balancing a chemical reaction. l Given a skeleton reaction, balance it by adding coefficients.