Causes of the Civil War

(1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories 1 1

2 2 Doubled the size of the U.S. Lead to debate on expansion of slavery Lead to the debate on expansion of slavery

3 3 every slave state, a free state must enter Set precedent that for every slave state, a free state must enter balance of free & slave states Kept the balance of free & slave states Banned slavery north of the 36° parallel

NULLFICATION CRISIS (1832) NULLFICATION CRISIS (1832) – States’ Rights vs. Preserving the Union South Carolina nullifies Tariff of Abominations & threatens to secede 4 4

The issue stayed in the background after the Missouri Compromise On numerous occasions, Congress made motions to not discuss the topic in session The proposal to add new states and territories (Texas, New Mexico, and California) brought the issue back up

A bitter debate over slavery in the new west A bitter debate over slavery in the new west Rep. David Wilmot (Penn) in any land acquired from Mexico – Proposed slavery be prohibited in any land acquired from Mexico Sen. John Calhoun (S.C.) in a territory – No govt. authority can prohibit or regulate slavery in a territory Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate 5 5

Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty – People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery 5 5 Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty – People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery

1 st president never previously elected to a public office

Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state The old guard of 19 th century politicians take the lead in Congress Clay seeks a compromise and makes over 70 speeches in the House (Webster supported holding the Union together) In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) calls for the south to secede – DIES DURING THE DEBATE 5 5

President Taylor wants to abolish slavery and threatens to veto the bill Taylor dies suddenly– Millard Fillmore becomes President & signs the bill becomes President & signs the bill

Terms:Terms: Californiaas a free state California admitted as a free state Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia New Mexico & Utah under popular sovereignty New Mexico & Utah organized under popular sovereignty Texas gave up its western lands for $10 million Fugitive Slave Law passed North For the North South For the South 6 6

Return escaped slaves to their state & owner Return escaped slaves to their state & owner All citizens help All citizens expected to help Return escaped slaves to their state & owner Return escaped slaves to their state & owner All citizens help All citizens expected to help 7 7

Whigs choose another Mexican War General (another war hero like Jackson) Whig party dying!!! 7 7

Repealed the Missouri Compromise 9 9

Race for control of Kansas (Abolitionist & Missouri settlers) Kansas had 2 governments – Free & Slave 9 9 Only 1,500 people in KS…but 6,000 people vote in election

John Brown raided pro-slavery parts of Kansas John Brown raided pro-slavery parts of Kansas to raise abolitionist support Debate over slavery in territory War broke out over the debate (1856) 10 Pro-slavery raids took place in Lawrence

Charles Sumner (Mass.) gave a speech condemning the South’s desire to expand slavery In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner (Mass.) gave a speech on the “Crime Against Kansas” condemning the South’s desire to expand slavery Senator Preston Brooks (SC) believed Sumner was insulting his uncle, Senator Andrew Butler Sen. Brooks (SC) beat Sen. Sumner with his cane Since Sen. Butler was not present to defend himself, Sen. Brooks (SC) beat Sen. Sumner with his cane while Sumner was seated at his desk Showed the brutal nature of the debate Showed the brutal nature of the debate & Brooks was seen as a hero in South Carolina (it even helped him get reelected) 11

SLAVERY – MORAL, SOCIAL, and POLITICAL EVIL AGAINST EXPANSION AGAINST THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY (1854) “establish liberty & overthrow the power of slavery” (1854) Founded to “establish liberty & overthrow the power of slavery” 12 its grew after “Bleeding Kansas” The party and its power grew after “Bleeding Kansas”

12 Condemned KS-NE Act & slavery expansion Called the Republicans extremists/radicals No electoral votes from the South Supported popular sovereignty