Unit 2 Greece, Rome, Byzantium

Monday August 22 nd “For we alone regard the man who takes no part in public affairs, not as one who minds his own business, but as a good for nothing” Thucydides

The Modern Mediterranean The Iberian Peninsula Peninsula The Balkan Peninsula Peninsula The Italian Peninsula Peninsula

The Ancient Mediterranean Fertile Crescent Empires AncientEgypt AncientGreece Island of Crete

Topographic Map of Greece

Ancient Greece The Peloponnesus The Mainland

The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

Small city-states developed.Small city-states developed. Prevented Greek unityPrevented Greek unity The Greeks were strong and enduring due to the rugged terrain and lifestyleThe Greeks were strong and enduring due to the rugged terrain and lifestyle Mountains: Cover most of Northern Greece Enclose small fertile valleys where limited farming and herding was possibleEnclose small fertile valleys where limited farming and herding was possible Isolated Greek communitiesIsolated Greek communities Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

Four Characteristics of a Greek Polis: City-state - A city and the surrounding land under its control Polis - A Greek city-state  Small size - usually square miles.  Small population - Usually ,000 people.  Acropolis - An elevated area of the city. Served as a religious and government center.  Agora - A market place. Public meeting place. The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

The Acropolis in Athens

The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece The Athenian Agora

The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

Many Greeks turned to the sea and became merchants, traders, sailors, and fishermenMany Greeks turned to the sea and became merchants, traders, sailors, and fishermen Ideas spread easily and promoted cultural diffusionIdeas spread easily and promoted cultural diffusion Seas: Surround Greece and islands The Mediterranean borders three continents and allowed Greek contact with other civilizationsThe Mediterranean borders three continents and allowed Greek contact with other civilizations The Greek mainland had long coastlines and an abundance of deep natural harbors.The Greek mainland had long coastlines and an abundance of deep natural harbors. Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

Greeks spent most of their time outdoors and were very socialGreeks spent most of their time outdoors and were very social They exchanged ideas openly as they worked and socialized.They exchanged ideas openly as they worked and socialized. Most free time was spent in the Agora.Most free time was spent in the Agora. Climate: Mediterranean Climate Hot dry summers with little rain.Hot dry summers with little rain. Mild wet wintersMild wet winters Rivers run dry. No major rivers.Rivers run dry. No major rivers. Temperatures range from degrees FTemperatures range from degrees F Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

The Greeks were forced to turn to the sea to supplement food supply.The Greeks were forced to turn to the sea to supplement food supply. They traded for grains from the middle east.They traded for grains from the middle east. Primary exports were wine, olive oil, and manufactured goods.Primary exports were wine, olive oil, and manufactured goods. Soil and Vegetation: Soil is rocky and poor in fertility producing only one crop every two years.Soil is rocky and poor in fertility producing only one crop every two years. Vegetation consisted mostly of fruit and olive trees and grape vines.Vegetation consisted mostly of fruit and olive trees and grape vines. Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

Common Characteristics of all Greeks:  Common language  Common religion  Common festivals (Olympics)  Common management of temples Factors Preventing Greeks Unity:  Geography  Distrust  Differing customs  Fierce spirit of independence The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

Aristotle ( BCE) Pupil of Plato Pupil of Plato Trained in Medicine Trained in Medicine First to classify plants & animals First to classify plants & animals Developed final steps in scientific method (Hypothesis and Test) Developed final steps in scientific method (Hypothesis and Test) Tutored Alexander the Great Tutored Alexander the Great PlatoAristotle