PART ONE Chapter 2: What is Art? Key Topics for this chapter include: Artist and Audience Art and Beauty Art and Appearances Art and Meaning Art and Objects © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Key Terms for this chapter include: outsider/folk art disinterested contemplation representational (Naturalistic, trompe l’oeil) abstract (stylized) nonrepresentational/nonobjective art embodied meaning form, content, and context installation © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Wheat Fields and Cypress Tree, Vincent Van Gogh, 1889 Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci,

Thirty are Better Than One, Andy Warhol, 1963 ABOUT ANDY WARHOL

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Our modern world of art includes schools, galleries, critics, collectors and museums. It features individual artists working independently expressing their own ideas. Artist and Audience Insert visual(s). Suggestions: 2.8 Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nation’s Millennium General Assembly, James Hampton Badi’uzzaman Fights Iraj to a Draw, Dasavanta, Shravana, Madhava Kurd

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. In the past, an artist typically worked for a client, patron, or collaboratively in a workshop. Rarely were individual artists known. Outsider/Folk Art: Refers to artwork that is created by the nonprofessional artist. Artist and Audience

David, Michelangelo, , marble, 17’.

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Aesthetics: A philosophy of the nature and meaning of beauty, as it pertains to art. Disinterested Contemplation: Refers to looking beyond the actual, practical, and personal in search of beauty and pleasure. Art and Beauty

2.9 Cabbage Leaf, Edward Weston, Saturn Devouring One of His Children, Francisco de Goya,

Pieta, Bellini, The Pietà is a subject in Christian art depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus, most often found in sculpture.

Art and Appearances Art is represented in a variety of ways in the Western art world. The following terms are used to help describe the visual appearance of artwork: Representational Abstract Nonrepresentational © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Art and Appearances Representational art resembles forms found in the natural world. The result is a recognizable likeness of objects and forms. Trompe l’oeil: French for “fool the eye” Naturalistic: Artwork that is very faithful to visual experience © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2.12 First Communion, Pablo Picasso, Seated Woman Holding a Fan, Pablo Picasso, 1908

Art and Appearances Abstract art distorts, exaggerates, or simplifies the natural world to provide essence. Stylized: Artwork that conforms to a preset style or set of conventions for depicting the world. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2.15 House Painter III, Duane Hanson, 1984/ Woman with Packages, Louise Bourgeois, 1949

2.17 Cylindrical Head, Yoruba, 13 th -14 th century 2.16 Head of a King, Yoruba 13 th century

Art and Appearances Nonrepresentational art contains no reference to the natural world as we see it. This art is also referred to as nonobjective. Style: refers to characteristics recognized as constant, recurring, or coherent. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2.19 Melodious, Vasily Kandinsky, wqlj2nmcs Chin Up, Rebecca Purdum, 1990

Art and Meaning Understanding art is a cultural skill and must be learned. Embodied Meaning: Art is always about something. Form: The way a work looks. Content: What a work of art is about or its subject matter. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2.24 Piano Lesson, Henri Matisse, Music Lesson, Henri Matisse, 1917

Art and Meaning Form is the way a work of art looks and includes: Media: Materials used Style: Constant, recurring or coherent traits Composition: The organization of design elements & principles © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Hairdressing, from Twelve Types of Women’s Handicraft, Kitagawa Utamaro, Nude Woman Having Her Hair Combed, Edgar Degas Maggie’s Ponytail Susan Rothenberg, DIFFERING STYLES

Art and Meaning Content is what a work of art is about and includes: Subject Matter: general idea Message: more specific meaning Iconography: The story of a work of art including symbols or references, people, events, etc.) requires knowledge of a specific time, beliefs or culture. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Art and Meaning To understand a work of art as created by an artist, at a specific time, and in a particular culture is referred to as context. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Finial of a linguist’s staff, Ghana. 20 th century

Assumption, Titian, Church of the Frari

ICONOGRAPHY Arnolfini Double Portrait, Jan van Eyck

The Kiss, Auguste Rodin, ’11” FORM AND CONTENT

Gnaw, Janine Antoni, lb cubes of chocolate and lard Gap between prettified, commercial world of romance and private, more desperate cravings it feeds on and causes.

Art and Objects During the 20 th century, artists began to question the purpose and role of art in contemporary society. A greater emphasis was placed on the meaningfulness of the art making process. Installation: A work of art meant to be entered, explored, experienced and reflected upon. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

How to explain pictures to a dead hare, Joseph Beuys, performance piece enacted by German artist Joseph Beuys, 1965, performance pieceGermanJoseph Beuys At the beginning of the performance Beuys locked the gallery doors from the inside, leaving the gallery-goers outside. They could observe the scene within only through the windows. With his head entirely coated in honey and gold leaf, he began to explain pictures to a dead hare. Whispering to the dead animal on his arm in an apparent dialog, he processed through the exhibit from artwork to artwork. Occasionally he would stop and return to the center of the gallery, where he stepped over a dead fir tree that lay on the floor. After three hours the public was let into the room. Beuys sat upon a stool in the entrance area with the hare on his arm and his back to the onlookers.gold leafhare

2.40 Mantle, Ann Hamilton, 1998 Miami Art Museum, 8 tables, 11shortwave radio receivers, voice, chair, figure, steel block, sewing implements, 33 wool coats, and 60,000 fresh cut flowers.

What is Art?: Summary Key Topics Artist and Audience Art and Beauty Art and Appearances Art and Meaning Art and Objects Key Terms outsider/folk art disinterested contemplation representational abstract nonrepresentational embodied meaning form, content, and context installation © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.