Bones, Muscles, Blood, and Lungs In this lesson, you will Learn About… How the skeletal and muscular systems support and move your body. How the circulatory system moves blood throughout your body. How the respiratory system works to help you breathe.

Bell Work Explain why the skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems are so important?

Relevance How hard would it be to live without your skeletal system? Respiratory system? Circulatory system?

Standards 1: The student will comprehend concepts related to health promotion to enhance health.

Indicators/ Essential Question Explain the process of your skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory system?

Bones, Muscles, Blood, and Lungs The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are: Skeletal system Joints Muscular system Circulatory system Heart Blood pressure Respiratory system Lungs Diaphragm

The Skeletal System The skeletal system is a framework of bones and the tissues that connect the bones.

Bones Your bones support your body and protect its soft parts from injury. With the help of your muscles, bones also allow you to stand and move. Bones are hard on the outside and have a spongy tissue inside that produces blood cells.

Joints There are three different types of joints:joints Pivot joint - consists of the end of one bone rotating inside a ring formed by another bone. Hinge joint - moves in only one direction, much like a door hinge. Ball-and-socket joint - consists of a round end of one bone moving inside the cup- shaped socket of another bone.

The Skeletal System Pivot joint (neck) Hinge joint (elbow) Ball-and-socket joint (hip) Skull Clavicle (collar bone) Rib cage Humerus Radius Ulna Vertebrae (Spine) Pelvis Femur Patella (knee cap) Tibia Fibula

The Muscular System The muscular system is made up of muscles that move bones, pump blood, and move food through the stomach and intestines, among other jobs.muscular system There are three types of muscles: Skeletal – found in places such as the arms and back; called voluntary muscles because a person can control them. Cardiac – found only in the heart; called involuntary muscles because they work without a person’s controlling them. Smooth – found in places such as those in the stomach; called involuntary muscles because they work without a person’s controlling them.

The Muscular System (cont’d.) Pectoral Triceps Abdominal Quadriceps Sartorius Biceps Deltoid Stomach (smooth muscle) Heart (cardiac muscle) Biceps (Skeletal muscle)

The Circulatory System The circulatory system helps blood move to and from the tissues of the body to:circulatory system Deliver oxygen, food, and other material to cells. Remove wastes from cells.

The Circulatory System (cont’d.) A B C Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary artery Lungs Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins

The Work of the Heart The heart pushes blood through the blood vessels, the tubes that carry blood throughout the body.heart There are three types of blood vessels: Arteries - carry blood away from the heart Veins - return blood to the heart Capillaries – tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins and provide blood directly to cells.

Blood Pressure Blood pressureBlood pressure is greatest when the heart contracts to push out blood. It is lowest between heartbeats, when the heart relaxes.

Parts of the Blood Blood contains both liquid parts (plasma) and solid parts (cells). Plasma – transports blood cells and dissolved food. Red blood cells – carry oxygen to all other cells of the body and carry away some waste products. White blood cells – help destroy disease- causing germs that enter the body. Platelets – help the blood to clot.

Blood Types Blood is classified by the type of red blood cells a person has. There are four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Mixing of some blood types can have serious side effects when a person receives blood from someone else.

Blood Types (cont’d.) Blood may contain an Rh factor. It is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. An Rh-positive person can receive blood from both an Rh-positive and an Rh- negative person. An Rh-negative person can receive blood only from an Rh-negative person.

The Respiratory System The respiratory system is divided into:respiratory system Upper Respiratory System – Air comes into the body through the nose or mouth; it then enters the trachea, or windpipe. Lower Respiratory System – The trachea divides into two branches called bronchi that carry air into the lungs. The bronchi divide into smaller and smaller branches and end in structures called alveoli.lungs

The Respiratory System Nose and mouth Trachea Alveoli Lungs Bronchi Upper Respiratory System Lower Respiratory System

How You Breathe Breathing begins with the diaphragm.diaphragm When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands. Squeezing the bottle forces air out. This is similar to what happens when you breathe out. A relaxed diaphragm moves upward and squeezes air out of your lungs. Letting the bottle return to its original shape lets air rush in. this is similar to what happens when you breathe in. A tightened diaphragm moves downward and allows the lungs to fill with air.

Reviewing Terms and Facts 1._________ are places where one bone meets another. The three major joint types are _________, ________, and _____________. Joints pivothinge ball-and-socket

Reviewing Terms and Facts 2.Which body system carries food and oxygen to cells? The circulatory system carries food and oxygen to cells and removes wastes from cells.

Reviewing Terms and Facts 3.What role does the skeletal system play in your body? The skeletal system is a framework of bones and tissues that connect the bones. The bones support the body and protect its soft parts from injury. With the help of muscles, they also allow the body to stand and move.

Vocabulary Review The skeletal system is a framework of bones and the tissues that connect the bones.

Vocabulary Review Joints are places where one bone meets another.

Vocabulary Review The muscular system is made up of all the muscles in your body.

Vocabulary Review The circulatory system enables the body to transport, or move, materials from one place to another.

Vocabulary Review The heart is the muscle that acts as the pump for the circulatory system.

Vocabulary Review Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels.

Vocabulary Review The respiratory system enables you to breathe.

Vocabulary Review The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system.

Vocabulary Review The diaphragm is a large muscle at the bottom of the chest.