 The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States address the issues of slavery and guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens.

 The 13 th Amendment – Bans slavery in the United States and all of its territories

 14 th Amendment: Grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law

 15 th Amendment: Ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, or color or previous condition of servitude  What does “previous condition of servitude” mean?

 Although these three amendments guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens, American Indians and women did not receive the full benefits of citizenship until later.  Why is there a disconnect between the ideals in these three amendments and the reality of segregation and Jim Crow?

 The 13 th, 14 th and 15 th Amendments guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens.  Demonstrate in your Interactive Notebook that you understand what these changes in the Constitution mean to the former slaves. (Do they affect the rest of America?)

 Define (in your own words) the term “reconstruction” and what you think it meant in the South after the Civil War.

 What is Reconstruction?  Write 4-5 observations from the video.

 The South had to rebuild their lives  Since most of the war was fought in the South, much of it was burned and many roads and bridges were destroyed

 Just five days after Lee’s surrender to Grant, President Lincoln was shot and killed in Ford’s Theatre while watching a play.  People throughout the U.S. mourned the man who “saved the Union”

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 Even after the death of Lincoln, Reconstruction continued on under the new President, Andrew Johnson

 Southern military leaders could not hold office.  African Americans could hold public office.  African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of federal troops comprised mainly of Northern soldiers for its enforcement.

 Southern states adopted Black Codes to limit the economic and physical freedom of former slaves.  Federal troops supervised the South.  The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South.  Southerners resented Northern “carpetbaggers,” some of whom took advantage of the South during Reconstruction.

 Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of  Federal troops were removed from the South.  Rights that African Americans had gained were lost through “Jim Crow” laws.  “Jim Crow” laws affected the rights of American Indians.

South divided into 5 military districts to supervise Reconstruction.

 Former slaves leave plantations-reunite with family.  Rumor-Freemen will get “40 acres and a mule”  Congress votes against. Freedom and Voting Rights were enough.

 Many returned to work on plantations as “sharecroppers”  Ended up in debt to landowners, was often de-facto slavery

 Southern voters choose new state reps.  Former Confederates can not vote unless they sign a loyalty oath.  Republicans rule state legislatures.  “Scalawags”- Southern opportunists who tried to make $$$ off of the situation.  “Carpetbaggers”-white Northerners who’ve come to the South.  “Freemen”-African-American men.

Provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866  Ensured that all persons born in the U.S. were now citizens and as citizens they could make and enforce contracts, sue and be sued, give evidence in court, and inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property. Persons who denied these rights to former slaves were guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction faced a fine not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.

 Issued a Reconstruction plan calling for reconciliation.  Believed preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South (How much influence did Lincoln’s opinions have after his death.) Reconcile = Make Up

 Urged Southerners to reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some want to continue to fight.

 Fought for constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights.  Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for all.

 The 13 th Amendment was passed in 1865 and it freed the slaves in all of the United States.  14 th Amendment: Grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law

 15 th Amendment: Ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color or previous condition of servitude

 Southern military leaders could not hold office.  Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers,” who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction.

What you need for the SOL test continued…..(3b)  African Americans held public office.  Northern soldiers supervised the South.

 Which amendment guaranteed citizenship?  The Civil Rights Act of ________ gave African Americans more freedoms.  T/F: Southern military leaders could hold public office.

 How did carpetbaggers get their name?  Why did they go to the South?  Which amendment freed the slaves?  What did the 15 th amendment do?