Chapter Twelve Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary System Maintain homeostasis Excretion of waste products Balance of extracellular fluid Synonyms for urination (ur/o, urin/o) Voiding Micturit/o – to urinate

Anatomy and Physiology Kidneys (nephr/o, ren/o) Ureters (ureter/o) Urinary bladder (cyst/o, vesic) Urethra (urethr/o) Urinary meatus (meat/o), translates to passage

Combining Form- page 401 albumin/o cyst/o, vesic/o gluc/o, glyc/o lith/o meat/o nephr/o, ren/o pyel/o ur/o, urin/o ureter/o urethr/o

Prefixes dys- hyper- poly-

Suffixes - cele -dipsia -graphy -itis -lith -pexy -ptosis - osis -scope -scopy -tomy -tripsy -uria

Challenge How many words can you find with uria? Write one down on the white board Define

The Kidney Location and size Retroperitoneal Size of a fist Gross structure Cortex (cortic/o) Medulla (medull/o) Renal Calyx Kidney

Nephron One million Filtering unit of the kidney Blood enters full of waste and leaves filtered Blood enters under high pressure and flows into the capillary beds

Afferent – conducting or conducted inward or toward something [L. afferens, fr. af- fero, to bring to] Efferent- Conducting fluid or a nerve impulse outward from a given organ, L, effere, to carry out Glomeruli- Latin, small ball

Ureter Connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder 28 to 34 centimeters long Inner coat of mucous membrane Middle coat of smooth muscle Outer coat of fibrous tissue

Urinary Bladder Smooth muscle bag Stores waste solution - urine

Kidney Disorders Glomerulonephritis Hydronephrosis Nephropathy Nephritis Nephrosclerosis Pyelonephritis Nephrolithiasis UTI Calculus

Diagnostic Procedures: Urinalysis (UA) Physical examination Appearance Color Odor Quantity Specific gravity Appearance and color of urine

Name that Abnormal Constituents of Urine Color Red or reddish Presence of hemoglobin Appearance Smoky Blood cells Milky- fat globules, bacteria Odor- Fruity sweet Acetone, associated with diabetes mellitus Protein – Positive Renal disease, pyelonephritis Glucose – Positive Diabetes mellitus Nitrites Positive - bacteriuria

Terms Related to Instruments

Extracoporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Kahoot.it Form a team of no more than four Name your team a medical term suffix that relates to this chapter There will be nine questions First place team will get a prize

1. The ________ transport(s) urine from the kidney to the bladder. A) kidneys B) nephron C) ureters D) urethra

Question 2 2. Which of the following is an abnormal characteristic of urine? A) pH of 6 B) protein negative C) blood negative D) glucose positive

Question 3 3. Difficult or painful urination is called: A) anuria. B) dysuria. C) enuresis. D) nocturia.

Question 4 4. What is excessive urination during the night called? A) nocturia B) oliguria C) polyuria D) pyuria

Question 5 Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis is: A) glomerulonephritis. B) pyelonephritis. C) nephritis. D) pyelitis.

Question 6 Pus in the urine is called: A) pyuria. B) uremia. C) hematuria. D) proteinuria.

Question 7 The crushing of a kidney stone is called: A) lithotripsy. B) lithectomy. C) lithotomy. D) lithotome.

Question 8 A surgical excision of a stone from the bladder is: A) lithectomy. B) cystoscope. C) cystolithectomy. D) cystectomy.

Word Challenge- Uria Albumin/o An Bacteri/o Dys Glycos/o Hemat/o Noct Olig Poly Py Albuminuria Anuria Bacteriuria Dysuria Glycosuria Hematuria Nocturia Oliguria Polyuria Pyuria