© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. NATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITION DAVIDSON DELAY HEYRMAN LYTLE STOFF Chapter 21: The Political System Under Strain at Home and Abroad

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Preview “Struggling to come to terms with the inequalities of the new urban and industrial order, the political system ground to a near stalemate, broken only during the turbulent 1890s when a deep depression sparked labor protests and a revolt of farmers.” “Struggling to come to terms with the inequalities of the new urban and industrial order, the political system ground to a near stalemate, broken only during the turbulent 1890s when a deep depression sparked labor protests and a revolt of farmers.” 2

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Highlights The Politics of Paralysis The Politics of Paralysis The Revolt of the Farmers The Revolt of the Farmers The New Realignment The New Realignment Stirrings of Empire Stirrings of Empire The Imperial Movement The Imperial Movement 3

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 1 Why do you think sports were so popular among Americans at the turn of the century? How did the mass production of bicycles change women’s lives? Who was William Randolph Hearst?

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Politics of Paralysis Political Stalemate Political Stalemate –Margins of victory in presidential elections were very close –Voter turnout: 80% of eligible voters turned out –Ethnic and religious factors shaped party alignment Democrats favored state growth, limited gov’t, Catholic, Immigrants, and South Republicans favored federal activism to support economic growth, protestant, anti-immigration –Third political parties rallied around a single cause greenbacks, populist, temperance 5

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Voting Public,

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Crime of ’73: concern over money supply Crime of ’73: concern over money supply Congress stopped coining silver led to deflation White House White House –Compromise of 1876 election of Hayes- R. –Bland-Allison Act (1878): limited silver coinage –Bloody shirts N & S blamed for Civil War –1880 President James Garfield- R. assassinated in July of 1881 by Charles Guiteau  Pendleton Act (1883): reform of civil service by creating a civil service exam –Arthur replaced Garfield and built Navy 7

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Dirty Election of 1884 Sen. James Blain v. Grover Cleveland- D. Blain’s railroads and Cleveland’s bastard Democrats labeled “Rum, Romanism, Rebellion” Cleveland expanded civil service, backed gold, arbitration and attempted to lower tariff Election of 1888 William Henry Harrison-R. defeats Cleveland 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act 4.5m oz/month 1890 Sherman Anti-trust Act regulated business 1890 McKinley Tariff raised to cut off imports First billion-dollar peacetime budget

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Cleveland beats Harrison Depression of 1893 Hayes, Cleveland, Arthur, B. Harrison, Cleveland (HCABHC) Ferment in the States and Cities Ferment in the States and Cities –State commissions  Investigated & regulated industry –National Municipal League  Separated city and state elections, English language, limited alcohol sales 9

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Americans Chap 15 sec 3

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 2 List the presidents from What is civil service? What did the Pendelton Civil Service Act of 1883 require government employees to do?

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Revolt of the Farmers The Harvest of Discontent The Harvest of Discontent –Rising anger of farmers in S. and tariff, shipping rates, and bankers –Credit and crop liens were root of the problems The Origins of the Farmers’ Alliance The Origins of the Farmers’ Alliance –Patrons of Husbandry hosted social events –“Granger laws” regulated intermediaries cost –Munn v. Illinois (1877) states can regulate private property that is used for public use –1887 Interstate Commerce Commission- regulates commerce across state lines 12

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Alliance Peaks The Alliance Peaks –People’s party formed (1890) –The Alliance movement: “Ocala Demands”  Reduce tariff, abolish banks, regulate RR, coin silver, crop warehouses The Election of 1892 The Election of 1892 –Exposure of weaknesses of the Populists people do not change to a 3rd party quickly –Rhetoric of Populism was often violent 13

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Rise of Jim Crow Politics The Rise of Jim Crow Politics –Systematized disfranchisement poll tax, literacy test aimed at blacks and poor whites –Democratic party promoted black disfranchisement and white supremacy –Lynching The African American Response The African American Response –Ida B. Wells anti lynching and NACW 1896 –Booker T. Washington acceptance and Change through labor Tuskegee Institute- Atlanta Compromise in 1895 –W.E.B. Du Bois rejected the Atlanta Compromise in the Soul of Black Folks 14

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. “The ferment of the early 1890s, among black Populists and white, was replaced by a lily-white Democratic party that dominated the region but remained in the minority on the national level.” 15

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. AP PAGE Use Outside Research

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 3 What was bimetallism? Why did farmers think that an increased money supply would help solve their economic problems? What was the talented 10th that W.E.B. Du Bois referred to?

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The New Realignment The Depression of 1893 The Depression of 1893 –Overextended debt, loans, business failed, run on gold –3 million or 1/5 of population was out of a job –More women and children went to work –local charities rather than gov’t assisted The Rumblings of Unrest –Coxey’s Army and others Marched on DC demanding a public works agenda –Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 blamed for shaking business confidence and spending Gold Reserves Cleveland Repealed it 18

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Battle of the Standards- Election of 1896 The Battle of the Standards- Election of 1896 –McKinley-R. advocated $ supported by Gold – Silverites believed in Free silver coinage S.W. poor cause –Bryan’s, a Democrat, Cross of Gold speech (1896): “You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.” –Populist split w/ Democrats backing of Silver –Republican coalition emerges triumphant in 1896 presidential election; dominates American politics for almost forty years –Historic Election breaking the political stalemate formed a N.W and Midwest coalition 19

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 20

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. McKinley in the White House McKinley in the White House –Foreshadowed “modern” presidents who also acted as party leaders –Curbed power of political bosses, pushed Congress to act –Erdman Act 1898 set up gov’t mediation of labor problems –Dingley Tariff (1897) raised tariffs but agreed to lower rates if other countries did the same –McKinley would create an Imperial America

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Stirrings of Empire European Expansion Worldwide European Expansion Worldwide –Berlin Conference divided up Africa –Forces encouraging American imperialism  Trade, machine gun, trade, free- enterprise capitalism, Christianity The Shapers of American Imperialism The Shapers of American Imperialism –Mahan calls for a strong navy “The Influence of Sea Power upon History” 1890 –Missionaries –Social Darwinism –Commercial factors- creation of new markets 22

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Dreams of a Commercial Empire Dreams of a Commercial Empire –William Henry Seward- Sec. of State under Lincoln & Johnson, advocated transcontinental railroad, Central American Canal, Equal Access to markets –Acquisition of Midway and Alaska (2¢ per acre) –Blaine’s Pan-American Union advocated tariff reduction and threatened to cut off trade –Hay-Paunceforth treaty 1901 ceded British rights to a canal to the USA canceled Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 23

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. AP Use outside research

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 4 What caused the panic of 1893? Who won the 1896 election? What is Imperialism?

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Prelude in the Pacific Prelude in the Pacific –US vied for Hawaii as way station and naval base 1893: American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani, a Hawaiian nationalist –Sugar planters hoped to avoid the McKinley Tariff –Cleveland refused to Annex Hawaii

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© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Imperial Moment Mounting Tensions Mounting Tensions –1895 Jose Marti and friends launch a revolt from USA in Cuba- revolt put down w/ concentration camps –Henry Cabot Lodge and Teddy Roosevelt encouraged supporting revolt –The de Lome letter- called McKinley a would be politician, published by William Randolph Hearst –Sinking of the Maine leads to war build up –Teller Amendment-US won’t annex Cuba –War over empire, trade, glory called splendid little war 28

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Imperial War The Imperial War –Dewey at Manila destroys Spanish fleet –Santiago harbor in Cuba Adm. Sampson sinks Spanish fleet cutting off Cuba War in Cuba War in Cuba –Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders charged San Juan hill lost 1,500 casualties Peace and the Debate over Empire Peace and the Debate over Empire –Annexing Hawaii –Aquinaldo declared himself president –Anti-imperialists Cleveland, Twain, Carnegie –The role of racism led to the treaty of Paris 29

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. America’s First Asian War America’s First Asian War –Racial antagonism spurred brutal fighting in Manila 5,000 Americans, 25,000 rebels, 200,000 civilians –Taft seen as benevolent governor independent July 4, 1946 –Puerto Rico- Foraker act of non voting Rep in House An Open Door in China An Open Door in China –Sphere of Influence – Sec. of State Hay sent 2 open door notes- free trade w/ China, 2nd respect gov’t & boundaries –Boxer Rebellion 30

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. AP PAGE 236

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Day 5 Why did the United States annex Hawaii? What happened to the U.S.S. Maine? What land did the United States acquire from Spain in the Spanish American war?

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Americans Chap 18 sec 2 pg 25 Chap 8 Unit 5 pg 28 Editing