Nineteenth- Century Progress World History
Warm Up 10/28/16 What’s the greatest invention or scientific discovery of all time? Explain why you feel this way.
Setting the Stage In the late 1800’s, economic growth produced many social changes.
Inventions Make Life Easier Gasoline- for internal combustion engine Electricity – powered electric generator which powered machines Edison started first research lab with help of African-American inventor Lewis Latimer. Invented light bulb and phonograph Alexander Graham Bell – teacher of the deaf who invented telephone in 1876
Inventions…(cont.) Guglielmo Marconi – invented radio in 1895 by studying electromagnetic waves. Ships used primitive radios. Henry Ford – 1908 Model T made on assembly line or moving belt carrying the car. (1880’s Germans made a car by hand, but was very expensive) Mercedes Orville and Wilbur Wright, bicycle mechanics, on December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, N.C.-flew a gas- powered plane for 59 seconds. Began aircraft industry.
Model T
More Fords
Cost and production chart
First Airplane
New Ideas in Medicine Louis Pasteur – mid 1800’s – Pasteurization to kill germs in milk (using heat). Learned that bacteria also caused diseases. Joseph Lister, British Surgeon – 1865 – used antiseptics and germ killing liquids (85% of his patients survived) Plumbing and sewer systems – Romans Septic Tank – John Mouras 1860 Vaccines for many diseases (typhus, typhoid, diphtheria and yellow fever)
New Ideas in Science Charles Darwin – challenged “Creation” during voyage of HMS Beagle. All living things evolved from earlier forms. Book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Called Theory of Evolution – survival of the fittest Gregor Mendel – 1850’s and 60’s – invented science of Genetics John Dalton – 1803 – theorized that elements are made of one kind of atom. Compounds have more. Dmitri Mendeleev – 1869 Created Periodic Table Marie and Pierre Curie – discovered 2 missing elements, radium and polonium. Both released powerful form of energy called radioactivity – 1898.
Social Science Explore Behavior New Social science for psychology, the study of the human mind and behavior. Ivan Pavlov – human actions were unconscious reactions to experiences and could be changed by training. Sigmund Freud – suppressed memories, desires, and impulses shape behavior. Created psychoanalysis. *Both suggested the mind was very powerful and all people cannot reason.
The Rise of Mass Culture Mass Culture – the appeal of art, writing, music and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience Demand for leisure activities resulted in new things for people to do, like music, movies and sporting events. Vaudeville resulted from this. (a variety show) In 1910, 5 million Americans attended 10,000 theaters each day to watch “moving” pictures. By 1896, International Olympic Games began. Pro football and baseball also started up. Big entertainment.
26.4 Quiz 1.How was harnessing electricity a key to the other 19 th -century inventions? 2.How was the telephone and the radio superior to the telegraph? 3.Why was the germ theory an important breakthrough? 4.How were pasteurization and the use of antiseptics similar? 5.What was Social Darwinism? 6.How did technology impact the way people lived?