The Laboratory

Safety Rules Always…   Follow the teacher’s instructions   Push in chairs and keep walkways clear during experiments   Wear safety glasses and laboratory coats, unless instructed not to by the teacher   Keep books and papers away from heating equipment and chemicals   Inform your teacher immediately of spills or broken equipment   Inform your teacher immediately of any cuts or burns   Point the mouths of test tubes away from yourself and other students   Place heating equipment and chemicals on heatproof mats   Wait until heating equipment has cooled down before putting it away   Clean up and wash your hands thoroughly after doing an experiment.

Never…   Enter the laboratory without a teacher present   Enter the preparation rooms   Eat or drink in the laboratory   Sit on the benches or tables   Run or push in the laboratory   Conduct experiments or touch equipment unless your teacher tells you to   Put solid objects, like matches, in the sink   Pour hazardous chemicals down the sink (check with your teacher)   Smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher says it’s OK   Leave an experiment unattended   Operate electrical switches with wet hands.

Safety  Fire blanket  Fire extinguisher  Emergency eye wash  Emergency gas shutoff  Emergency power shut off  Fume hood controls  Windows  Emergency exit/evacuation

Lab Equipment

Safety Glasses

Bunsen Burner

Measuring Cylinder

Tongs

Funnel

Spatula

Thermometer

Dropper

Conical Flask and Stopper

Test Tubes

Test Tube Rack

Beaker

Tripod

Match the equipment to its use:  Bunsen BurnerTo stir  Stirring RodTo hold liquids or solids  Safety GlassesTo measure temperature  BeakerTo measure quantities of liquids  ThermometerTo hold test tubes  Measuring cylinderTo pour liquids from a large container to a small one  Test TubeTo hold small amounts of substances  SpatulaTo move small amounts of solids from one container to another  Test Tube RackTo protect eyes from sparks or splashes  FunnelTo heat substances  TongsTo hold a test tube while it is being heated

Solutions  Bunsen Burner To heat substances  Stirring Rod To stir  Safety Glasses To protect eyes from sparks or splashes  Beaker To hold liquids or solids  Thermometer To measure temperature  Measuring cylinder To measure quantities of liquids  Test TubeTo hold small amounts of substances  SpatulaTo move small amounts of solids from one container to another  Test Tube Rack To hold test tubes  FunnelTo pour liquids from a large container to a small one  TongsTo hold a test tube while it is being heated

Drawing Equipment Scientific drawings can be used in laboratory reports to show how equipment was set up. It is important for the drawings to be clear and easy to understand. When drawing scientific diagrams, you should:  Always draw in pencil.  Use a ruler to draw straight lines.  Label the equipment drawn.  Draw only a cross-section of the equipment.  Do not put lines across the top of glassware.

Retort stand and clamp Beaker Test Tube Bunsen Burner and mat Conical Flask Tripod and Gauze Mat Funnel and filter paper

Warning Signs Toxic - Poisonous

Flammable – catches fire easily

Corrosive - Eats away materials

Explosive - Explodes easily

Oxidising - Reacts with oxygen

Radioactive - Contains radioactive material

Biohazard - Biological waste materials

Flammable Toxic Radioactive Biohazard Explosive Oxidising Corrosive

Using a Bunsen Burner 1. Place the Bunsen burner on a heatproof mat. 2. Check that the gas tap is in the off position. 3. Connect the rubber hose to the gas tap. 4. Close the air hole of the Bunsen burner. 5. Light the match and hold it over the barrel of the Bunsen burner. 6. Turn on the gas tap. 7. Adjust the flame. 8. Remember to keep long hair tied back. 9. Wear safety glasses and a laboratory coat at all times. Light the Bunsen burner according to the rules below. Always heat with a blue flame; that is, with the air hole open. The yellow flame is a safety flame. It is cooler than the blue flame and much easier to see. Base Barrel Collar Gas Jet Rubber tubing Gas Airhole

A Bunsen burner has two kinds of flames:   For each of the following two types of flames observe the flame and complete the diagram using coloured pencils. Air hole closedAir hole open

Air hole closed Air hole open

Pouring a liquid into a test tube   Use heatproof mats under all equipment.   Stand the test tube in a test-tube rack.   Pour liquids carefully into the test tube from a beaker or measuring cylinder.   Use a filter funnel when pouring from bottles or containers without a lip.

Skills checklist Measuring liquids accurately Measuring liquids accurately Using thermometers accurately Using thermometers accurately Pouring liquids into test tubes Pouring liquids into test tubes Using spatulas appropriately Using spatulas appropriately Lighting and extinguishing Bunsen burners Lighting and extinguishing Bunsen burners