A Case Study On The Use Of Kadazandusun Language In The Teaching Of Mother Tongue Source : wikipedia.com Sandra Logijin Ethnic Language Unit Curriculum Development Centre Ministry of Education, Malaysia

People of Sabah Population : 3, 400,00 Population : 3, 400,00 32 ethnic groups; 28 recognized as indigenous 32 ethnic groups; 28 recognized as indigenous Kadazandusun (17.8%) Kadazandusun (17.8%) Bajau (13.4%) Bajau (13.4%) Murut (4.8%) Murut (4.8%) Other indigenous ethnic groups (14.6%) Other indigenous ethnic groups (14.6%) Malays (11.5%) Malays (11.5%) Chinese (9.6%) Chinese (9.6%) Indians (4.8%) Indians (4.8%) Others (Filipino, Indonesian, etc) Others (Filipino, Indonesian, etc)

Tangara : Penampang, Papar, Kota Kinabalu Tatana, Bisaya : Kuala Penyu, Beaufort Kimaragang: Kota Marudu, Pitas, Kudat Rungus : Kudat, Pitas Tebilung : Kota Belud, Kota Marudu Kuijau : Keningau Lotud : Tuaran Bundu, Liwan : Penampang, Papar, Ranau, Tambunan, Keningau, Tenom Mangkaak : Sandakan, Labuk, Kinabatangan Source : Kadazandusun Groups

Language Shift- Causes Gradual and subtle, revealed in 1980’s survey Gradual and subtle, revealed in 1980’s survey Kadazandusun children either Kadazandusun children either - bilingual or - bilingual or - dominant users of Malay or English - dominant users of Malay or English Dominant in Malay – med. of instruction, official lg, ethnic groups’ communication lg Dominant in Malay – med. of instruction, official lg, ethnic groups’ communication lg Dominant in English – prestigious, academic language, oversea education, demand in private sector Dominant in English – prestigious, academic language, oversea education, demand in private sector

Implementation 1994 : Tan Sri Datuk Seri Bernard G. Dompok proposed to Federal Government that Kadazandusun lg be taught in Sabah schools 1994 : Tan Sri Datuk Seri Bernard G. Dompok proposed to Federal Government that Kadazandusun lg be taught in Sabah schools 1995 : Education Act : Education Act Kadazandusun language taught in school. - Kadazandusun language taught in school. - CDC discuss with stakeholders, plan syllabus - CDC discuss with stakeholders, plan syllabus Stakeholders: State Education Department officers, teachers, NGOs - KLF and KDCA, experts on Kadazandusun language and culture. Stakeholders: State Education Department officers, teachers, NGOs - KLF and KDCA, experts on Kadazandusun language and culture.

1997: syllabus piloted in 15 primary schools 1997: syllabus piloted in 15 primary schools 1998: accorded additional subject status : 1998: accorded additional subject status : minutes per week minutes per week - outside actual timetable - outside actual timetable - taught if requested by at least 15 parents - taught if requested by at least 15 parents - subject to availability of trained or interested Kadazandusun teachers. - subject to availability of trained or interested Kadazandusun teachers : syllabus revised, suit community needs 2000 : syllabus revised, suit community needs

2003 : Implemented to Year : Implemented to Year : Implemented to Year : Implemented to Year : Implemented to Year : Implemented to Year 6 Aims :to enable learners to communicate in Kadazandusun lg daily ensuring Kadazandusun heritage continuity Aims :to enable learners to communicate in Kadazandusun lg daily ensuring Kadazandusun heritage continuity Currently, 279 primary schools, 20,451 students in total in year 4, 5 and 6 Currently, 279 primary schools, 20,451 students in total in year 4, 5 and 6

2006 : implementation to Form I students 2006 : implementation to Form I students 2007 : Implemented to Form II students 2007 : Implemented to Form II students 2008 : Implemented to Form III students 2008 : Implemented to Form III students Currently, 38 Sabah secondary schools offering subject to Form I, II and III students Currently, 38 Sabah secondary schools offering subject to Form I, II and III students Aims : to enable learners to use language in interaction, to understand ideas and information heard and read, to appreciate language and continue Kadazandusun heritage Aims : to enable learners to use language in interaction, to understand ideas and information heard and read, to appreciate language and continue Kadazandusun heritage

Syllabus Organization Syllabus Content Language Use Language Skills Language System Learning Outcomes Good Values Education Emphases Citizenship

Teacher Training- Cascade Model CDC train master trainers on CDC train master trainers on - how to interpret syllabus and syllabus specification - how to interpret syllabus and syllabus specification - strategies, techniques approaches to lg teaching - strategies, techniques approaches to lg teaching Master trainers train teachers at district level Master trainers train teachers at district level In-house training by the above teachers In-house training by the above teachers

Community support CDC : training, courses/ workshops, material production, monitoring CDC : training, courses/ workshops, material production, monitoring State Education : potential schools & teachers, workshops /courses, road shows State Education : potential schools & teachers, workshops /courses, road shows District Education office: story telling comp, lg week District Education office: story telling comp, lg week Teachers : motivated, share knowledge & expertise Teachers : motivated, share knowledge & expertise Kadazandusun leaders: support lg revival Kadazandusun leaders: support lg revival Committed individuals – assist CDC in material dev. Committed individuals – assist CDC in material dev. PTA: moral and financial support PTA: moral and financial support

Community leaders : support revival of Kadazandusun language, agreed to make Bunduliwan dialect as standard Kadazandusun language. Community leaders : support revival of Kadazandusun language, agreed to make Bunduliwan dialect as standard Kadazandusun language. PTA : Moral and Financial Supports PTA : Moral and Financial Supports KLF : conduct workshops and do research work to revive, preserve, enrich and promote the language and help educate local writers and publish their work KLF : conduct workshops and do research work to revive, preserve, enrich and promote the language and help educate local writers and publish their work KDCA : promotes language use, assist in language, standardization, development and preservation of Kadazandusun language KDCA : promotes language use, assist in language, standardization, development and preservation of Kadazandusun language

Challenges Outside actual school timetable Outside actual school timetable Lack of teachers Lack of teachers Mind-set; language no economic value Mind-set; language no economic value Lack of supplementary materials Lack of supplementary materials

Impact Language and Kadazandusun culture given recognition and importance Language and Kadazandusun culture given recognition and importance Language revival Language revival Oral traditions kept alive Oral traditions kept alive Heritage awareness Heritage awareness

Kotohuadan! Source :

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