Unit 1: Factors affecting performance 1.7: Drugs LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs1

By the end of this lesson students should: Describe what is a ‘drug’. Understand the effects that the following drugs have on the body Stimulants, Narcotic-analgesics, Anabolic steroids, Diuretics, Anxiety reducing drugs, Peptide hormones and analogues Understand that drugs subject to certain restrictions; alcohol, marijuana, beta blockers Define types of drugs and their reaction on the body: Blood doping: Smoking; dangers and the long term effects Alcohol; dangers and the long-term effects. Learning Objectives Assessment: A*-C Grade = more in-depth answers and extension work D-G Grade = answer most questions at foundation level 2

Task 1: What is Doping LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs 3 Drugs definition: Any chemical introduced to the body which affects how the body works. ATHLETES TAKE DIFFERENT KINDS OF DRUGS FOR DIFFERENT REASONS These generally include: To increase their performance. To kill pain so that they can keep going. To build muscles faster than they can do by training. To calm themselves before important events. Doping definition: Taking a drug to improve sporting performance.

Task 2: Task 2: Seven Classifications of Performance-Enhancing Drugs LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs 4 Categories outlined by the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.) Stimulants. Narcotics-Analgesics. Anabolic agents. Diuretics. Anxiety-reducing drugs. Peptides, glycoprotein hormones & analogues. Other drugs with restrictions.

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs 5 Examples: Amphetamines, Ephedrine, Cocaine, Adrafanil, Coffee (eight 250ml cups in 2 hours). Positive Effects: Negative Effects: Give the athlete a ‘high’ - Increased HR & BP Alert & competitive - High level of strain on the body Affects CNS to increased reflexes - Make injuries worse Reduces fatigue - Acute anxiety/aggressiveness Addictive Sports: Football, Cycling, Athletics, used in long competition events Task 3: Stimulants

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs 6 Narcotics-Analgesics Examples: Morphine, Methadone, Heroin. Positive Effects: Negative Effects: Reduces pain - Injuries can get worse/become permanent Masks injury or illness - Highly addictive Lose motor skills Addictive with bad withdrawal symptoms. Sports: Athletics, Boxing, Contact Sports

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs7 Anabolic Agents Examples: Nandrolone, Testosterone, Stanozol, Clenbuterol, THG (Tetrahydrogestinone). Positive Effects: Negative Effects: Increased strength - Increased aggression Increased muscle growth - Impotence Increased body weight - Kidney damage Increased endurance - Baldness Can train harder and more frequently - Development of gender-specific elements Irregular periods Sports: Bodybuilding, Weightlifting, Baseball, Athletics, Cycling

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs8 Diuretics Examples: Frusemide, Probencid Positive Effects: Negative Effects: Rapid weight loss - Dehydration Masks other drugs - Cramp Dizziness Headaches Nausea Sports: Horse racing, Boxing, Weightlifting, Gymnastics

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs 9 Anxiety Reducing Drugs Examples: Beta-blockers Positive Effects: Negative Effects: Lower HR. - Lower BP. Steady nerves & muscles. - Cramp. Calms & relaxes. - Heart failure. Sports: Shooting, Archery, Tennis

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs10 Peptides, hormones & analogues. Examples: HGH (Human Growth Hormone), EPO (Erythropoietin) Positive Effects: Negative Effects: Increase in red-blood cells. - Thickening of the blood. Increased muscle growth. - Increased risk of a stroke or heart problems. Improve fatigue coping ability. - Muscle tremors. Abnormal growth. Difficult to detect! Diabetes. Arthritis. Impotence. Oily skin & acne. Sports: Cycling, Rowing, Distance Running, Cross-country Skiing

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs11 Task 4: Other Drugs with Restrictions Usually means they have a genuine medical use in some cases. In order to use one of the following drugs in competition (with the exception of alcohol) you must have a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) certificate. Examples: Marijuana. Lowers the heart rate, reduces anxiety and steadies shaking hands. Corticosteroids. Reduces pain and inflammation from injuries and inflammatory conditions (e.g. asthma). Possible side-effects are diabetes and brittle bones. Alcohol. Calms nerves. Reduce coordination, judgment and reactions. Long term use has more serious side-effects (e.g. liver, kidney and heart failure). Local anesthetics. An injection to an injured area to reduce pain. They may be allowed in some sports for medical purposes.

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs12 Blood Doping Definition: the injection of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event in an (illegal) attempt to enhance athletic performance - Athletes train at high altitude to increase oxygen supply when they return to normal altitude.... Blood doping has the same effect. Method: - Inject with red blood cells. - Take EPO to increase red blood cell count. Advantages: - Athletes can exercise for longer. - Virtually undetectable. Disadvantages: - Allergic reaction. - Kidney damage. - Blocked capillaries. - Virus contraction (e.g. HIV, hepatitis, etc).

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs13 ‘Socially-accepted’ drugs Affects the respiratory system. Contains tar which blocks up alveoli. Harder for Gaseous exchange to occur. Leads to alveoli collapse & stop working. Contains addictive & poisonous drug nicotine. Causes tightening of the blood vessels in the lungs, which slows blood flow in the lungs. Gaseous exchange less efficient. Main cause of… Lung & throat cancer. COPD. (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Fertility problems. Others problems include… Discoloration of teeth and skin. Shortness of breath, rise in blood pressure. Costs thousands of Euros/Pounds & it’s highly addicitve! Smoking PLAY CLIP

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs14 ‘Socially-accepted’ drugs Affects coordination, speech and judgment. Less likely to perform an action accurately (e.g sobriety test). Slows reaction time. Muscles tire quicker. Drinking before sport is very dangerous. Causes damage to… Liver. Kidneys. Heart. Muscles. Brain (e.g. mental illness). Digestive & immune systems. Small amounts aren’t too harmful; they’re promoted in some cases (e.g. an infrequent glass of red wine). BEST ADVICE: Drink in moderation, if not at all! Alcohol Play Clip

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs 15 Group Task Use the Internet or your test book to provide a definition for each of the following words: 6 Banned Classifications (P.A.N.D.A.S.): W.A.D.A.: Doping: Drugs: Blood doping: Socially-accepted drugs: Peptide Hormones & Analogues Anabolic Agents Narcotics-Analgesics Diuretics Anxiety-Reducing Drugs Stimulants

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs16 Group Task Match the activities/sports to the correct drugs. Explain why the athlete would take this drug. Stimulants. Narcotics-Analgesics. Anabolic agents. Diuretics. Anxiety-reducing drugs. Sprinting in athletics – Stimulants, to improve speed of muscle contraction. Rugby player - Analgesics, to enable player to train Shot putters/weight lifters – Anabolic Steroids, to enable athletes to build body weight and strength Gymnasts – Diuretics, to enable the body to lose water and weight in order to be lighter Tennis – Anxiety reducing drugs to overcome match nerves.

LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs By the end of this lesson students should: Describe what is a ‘drug’. Understand the effects that the following drugs have on the body Stimulants, Narcotic- analgesics, Anabolic steroids, Diuretics, Anxiety reducing drugs, Peptide hormones and analogues Understand that drugs subject to certain restrictions; alcohol, marijuana, beta blockers Define types of drugs and their reaction on the body: Blood doping: Smoking; dangers and the long term effects Alcohol; dangers and the long-term effects. Learning Objectives Assessment: A*-C Grade = more in-depth answers and extension work D-G Grade = answer most questions at foundation level 17