Classification

 The organization of species into groups based on their characteristics  Taxonomy = the science of classification

Classification  2+ million DESCRIBED species  10 to 50+ million species estimated on Earth  ALL organisms placed into one of 3 domains  Each domain is made up of kingdoms  Each kingdom is broken down into smaller phyla

Domain 1: Bacteria I. Bacteria: Most of the Known Prokaryotes 29+ accepted phyla of bacteria # growing with improved methods of identifying bacteria

Domain 2: Archaea II. Archaea: Prokaryotes of Extreme Environments Crenarchaeota: Thermophiles Euryarchaeota: Methanogens & Halophiles Korarchaeota: Some Hot Springs Microbes

Domain 3: Eukarya III. Eukarya: Eukaryotic Cells Kingdom Protista—single-celled critters and algae Kingdom Fungi—molds, mushrooms, yeast, etc. Kingdom Plantae—plants Kingdom Animalia—animals

Phylogenetic treePhylogenetic tree showing the diversity of bacteria, compared to other organisms. Eukaryotes are colored red, archaea green and bacteria blue. Eukaryotesarchaea Ciccarelli FD, Doerks T, von Mering C, Creevey CJ, Snel B, Bork P (2006). "Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life". Science 311 (5765): 1283–7

6 Kingdoms  Archaea  Eubacteria  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia prokaryotes eukaryotes

Classification hierarchy  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species Dear King Phillip Calls Out For Good Soup

Timber wolf  Domain: Eukarya  Kingdom: Animalia  Phylum: Chordata  Subphylum: Vertebrata  Class: Mammalia  Order: Carnivora  Family: Canidae  Genus: Canis  Specific epithet: lupus Canis lupus L.

L = Linnaeus  Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus   Developed the current classification system

Scientific names  Unique to each species  2 parts to each scientific name Genus Specific epithet  Written in Latin  Generally have a meaning—describes the species

Scientific names  Example: mountain lion puma klandagi cat of many names cat of one color tyger ghost walker concolor paintercatamount panther cougar koe-ishto cuguacuarana leopardo ko-icto el leon

Scientific names  Example: mountain lion  Scientific name: Puma concolor genus specific epithet scientific name

Scientific names  But there’s more!!!  Caretta caretta = loggerhead sea turtle But…there are different populations of C. caretta around the world—and they have slightly different characteristics.  Atlantic loggerhead = Caretta caretta caretta  Pacific loggerhead = Caretta caretta gigas

Dichotomous keys