 Today, we will begin our study of Italian fascism and the rise of Mussolini. For bellwork, read pages in the 2.1 packet and answer the following  1. What is a liberal democracy? 2. Describe the factors that undermined liberal rule in Italy pre-WWI. 3. What was the PSI? How did it view WWI? 4. Why did Italy join the Triple Entente during WWI? How did this further political divisions in Italy? 5. THINKER: What did the Treaty of London guarantee Italy post-war? (pg.87) Make a prediction  Were these demands met?

2.1 - The impact of fascism on Italian foreign policy: the origins,

 Regionalism  North vs. South

 Government challenged influence of Catholicism

 Middle and Upper classes dominated politics (voting limited)  Liberal gov corrupt  General Strike  1892: PSI formed

Italian PM ( , , ) – liberal democracy Although he introduced successful reforms, his power would be challenged by WWI & the PSI

 Filippo Marinetti – founder of Futurist Movement  Glorified War  Criticized weak liberal government  Italy’s destiny after unification was to become a “Great Power”  Wanted an empire to compete with Britain, France and Germany

Left-Wing: OPPOSEDRight-Wing: SUPPORTED  Socialist Party (PSI) ◦ Mussolini a member, but his view on WWI gets him kicked out!  “Imperialist War”  Catholic church against  Giolitti: Would destroy liberal Italy  Nationalists  Futurists  King & Parliament  Would gain more territories  Would create an empire that rivaled other European powers

King of Italy from Italian Monarchy enjoyed popular support due to government weaknesses and division

 Secret pact between Britain, France, Russia and Italy – they made promises to Italy to convince them to join the Allies ◦ Territories ◦ Balance of power ◦ Control in Mediterranean ◦ Involvement in partition of Turkey and A-H ◦ Share of war spoils

“Total War” destruction in Italy led to increased political divisions, membership of radical parties (PSI), transition towards militant gov, and growth in Fascist Party!

 Look at the characteristics of Fascism on page 89  What kind of foreign policy would you expect to see from a state following this ideology?  om/watch?v=aUcYU95k CAI om/watch?v=aUcYU95k CAI

1. How did the Fiume affair impact Fascism? 2. How did the fear of communism impact fascism? 3. List three ways Mussolini consolidated his power after he was appointed PM. 4. How was Mussolini’s totalitarian power challenged? How does this make him different than Hitler? 5. THINKER: “Italians were justified in viewing the Versailles Settlement as a mutilated victory.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

 “Italians were justified in viewing the Versailles Settlement as a mutilated victory.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?  What went wrong?

 How did this impact fascism?

“Vote for your country!”

 Liberal democratic government was vulnerable   They failed to win the peace settlement  They could not contain growing violence  They could not stabilize the economy  They could not stop the general strike started by communists/nationalists  Fascists believe it is their time to take over! They are the only ones that could restore order!

 October 16: Mussolini meets with fascists and agree it’s time to seize power  October 24: Fascist Congress declares intention to “March on Rome”  October 27: Fascist military attempts to seize government buildings (increased fear)  October 28: Government resigned; King sides with Mussolini  October 29: King meets with Mussolini and appoints him PM  List three ways Mussolini consolidated his power.

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 How was Mussolini’s power challenged?  How is this different than Hitler?

 Finish the 2.1 packet by Monday!