World History II The Glorious Revolution and English Civil Rights Lecture Notes: Unit 4 Lesson 3 Standard WHII.6c

To Do: Vocabulary Interpretation Question of the Day Notes Activity – Bubble chart – Kill a King Multiple Choice Question Analysis

Vocabulary Posthumous Whigs - liberals Tories – conservatives Depose Immutable

Interpretation Name 3 things you think you and all people should have the right to do. Why should you have the right to do those things?

Questions: How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the rights of Englishmen? Why did the English people rebel against their kings?

On Your Page On Page 51 you have a Stuart Family tree…you can use it for most of today’s notes or you can use your note section…or both…it is up to you.

James I (Stuart) 1566 – 1625 King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland and was the first to call himself King of Great Britain. He was the first monarch of England from the House of Stuart, succeeding the last Tudor monarch, Elizabeth I, who died without issue. Had to pay most English lords to accept him…empties his bank account. Protestant who paid for the “King James Bible”

James I claimed power from God. Parliament controlled the taxes

Charles I of England ( 1600 – 1649) Tried to make the Anglican Church more like the Catholic Church  People wanted nothing to do with the Catholic Church Tried to become an absolute monarch though he didn’t have the money…  English King cannot tax people without the consent of Parliament  Disbanded Parliament because they wouldn’t give him money Leads to the English Civil War

Charles I dismissed Parliament and collected illegal taxes

Execution After losing the Civil War, Charles I was put on trial for treason against his country. Charles ignored the courts because he believed God had given him his power The court parliament condemned him to death.

The Civil War: Defeat, capture, and execution of Charles I

Oliver Cromwell (1599 – 1658) Lord General of the Parliamentary Army.  Takes power over English Government after Charles I was beheaded.  Asks to be called “Lord Protector” Cromwell disbands Parliament in 1653 Oliver dies in 1658 and his son Richard Cromwell (a poor ruler) was replaced by Charles II (son of Charles I) by a new Parliament.

Farewell to Cromwell During his reign, Cromwell was a strict Puritan leader who did not allow dancing, drinking, or many other earthly pleasures. In 1661, Oliver Cromwell's body was exhumed from Westminster Abbey, and was subjected to the ritual of a posthumous execution. His body was hung in chains. Finally, his carcass was thrown into a pit, while his severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Abbey until Afterwards it changed hands several times, before eventually being buried in the grounds of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, in 1960.

The Commonwealth: Rule of Oliver Cromwell and the Army

Charles II (1630 – 1685) Son of Charles I Restored to the Throne by Parliament Moderate ruler…well liked It was during his reign that the Whig and Tory political parties developed. He fathered 14 illegitimate children, but no legitimate children that lived. Converted to Roman Catholicism on his deathbed.

Charles II called home by Parliament to be King

James II (1633 – 1701) Ruled (1685 to 1689) Brother of Charles II The last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over Britain. Tried to give Catholics freedom of religion and gave powerful positions to Catholic friends. Tried to re-establish Divine right of Kings Very unpopular among the mostly Protestant (Anglican) British People

Political Parties Develop in England The Whigs (Liberals)  wanted to dethrone James II and wanted Parliament to have more power than kings. Tories (Conservatives)  wanted him to stay on the throne and generally wanted kings to have more power. These are the 2 groups that hold most power in Parliament today.

James II dismissed Parliament and ruled alone as a divine right king

Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution In 1688, a conspiracy was launched to depose James II and replace him with his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange (a Dutch State) who were both Protestants. William and Mary invaded England with an army of 15,000 men and they were greeted with much popular support, even English men joined his army. James II ran away and lived the rest of his life in France.

Parliament Gains Power over the Monarchy Parliament forces William and Mary to sign the English Bill of Rights before they are allowed to take the throne. William and Mary agree and become joint rulers of England

English Bill of Rights of 1689 Englishmen possessed certain immutable civil and political rights. These included:  freedom from royal interference with the law (the Sovereign was forbidden to establish his own courts or to act as a judge himself)  freedom from taxation by king’s decision, without agreement by Parliament  freedom to petition the King  freedom from a peace-time standing army, without agreement by Parliament  freedom [for Protestants] to have arms for defense  freedom to elect members of Parliament without interference from the Monarch  freedom of speech in Parliament  freedom from cruel and unusual punishments, and excessive bail  freedom from fines and forfeitures without trial

Bill of Rights Continued Roman Catholics could not be king or queen of England. The Sovereign was required to swear a coronation oath to maintain the Protestant religion. Sovereigns are now required to summon Parliament frequently English people now had a set of laws that the king/queen could not break…and a Parliament powerful enough to enforce them.

Glorious Revolution: James II fled William and Mary rule as limited monarchs

Activity Bubble Chart – Reasons one might kill a King

Questions: How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the rights of Englishmen? Why did the English people rebel against their kings?

Multiple Choice Question Analysis