HIV Knowledge and Attitudes in the Freshmen Class at a Southeastern University Presented by Caitlyn Haynes February 26, 2015

Background Information Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) works by attacking T- cells Immunodeficiency Life long infection Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the last stage of HIV infection United States Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2014

Rates of Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents, by Age at Diagnosis, 2008–2012—United States Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Rates are per 100,000 population. CDC, 2015

Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents, by Age at Diagnosis, 2012—United States N = 47,746 Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. CDC, 2015

Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity, 2012—United States and 6 Dependent Areas Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. a Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Rates of Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults and Adolescents, 2012—United States and 6 Dependent Areas N = 48,651Total Rate = 18.4 Note. Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis. All displayed data have been statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.

In 2013, Louisiana ranked 3 rd in the nation for HIV rates New Orleans – 2 nd Baton Rouge – 4 th 70% of new diagnosis cases were among African Americans 25% of new cases were among year olds 20,013 people are currently living with HIV/AIDS in Louisiana Louisiana Statistics Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals [DHH], 2014

DHH, 2014

Females and African Americans most likely to be tested 54.3% of participants reported that they had not been tested for HIV Opt and Loffredo, 2004 Comparison of traditional and nontraditional students Opt, Loffredo, Knowles, & Fletcher,2007 Only 34% of sexually active participants had been tested, 20% of the number of year olds surveyed The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012 Literature Review CDC, 2012; Opt and Loffred0, 2004; Opt, Loffredo, Knowles, & Fletcher, 2007; The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012

According to the November 2012 CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: There were 8,800 new infections in youth due to male-to-male sexual contact in the United States Due to: Multiple sexual partners Drug and alcohol use before sexual contact Less condom use Literature Review CDC, 2012

Educational based studies Kirby, Laris, and Rolleri, 2007 Marsiglia et al., 2013 Mueller, Gavin, and Kulkarni, 2008 Behavior based studies O’Sullivan et al., 2010 Qualitative Study Bailey et al., 2008 Literature Review

Assess the knowledge level and attitudes of college freshmen about HIV/AIDS Examine the relationship between HIV/AIDS education and sexual behaviors Purpose of the Study

Does HIV knowledge influence sexual risk behavior? What role do demographics play in HIV knowledge? What are the influences on sexual risk behavior? Research Questions

Questionnaire addressing: Demographics Relationship status, sexual orientation, and race Knowledge and Attitudes Validated International AIDS Questionnaire – English Version (IAQ-E) HIV or sexuality education in high school Sexual risk behaviors Youth Risk Behavior Survey Study Design Davis, Sloan, MacMaster, and Hughes, 2006; CDC, 2014

International AIDS Questionnaire – English Version (IAQ-E) Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88 Four Subscales Myths (0.87) Attitudes (0.81) Facts (.040) Personal Risk (0.66) Mean Score of 31.0 (SD=10.0) Validity of the Instrument Davis, Sloan, MacMaster, & Hughes, 2006

Participants Convenience Sample SE or older Focus on individuals who attended high school in Louisiana Each participant will complete one survey Data Collection Survey Confidential Passive Consent No signature required Paper or Tablet

Frequencies - descriptive analysis Chi square – categorical data crossing gender by risk behaviors (number of partners, sexually active) T-test – scale differences by gender, mean comparison, whether they are currently sexually active compared to their knowledge score Data Analysis

Significance of the Study Address an important topic Evaluate risk behaviors Understand where HIV education is needed

References Bailey, J.A., Fleming, C.B., Henson, J.N., Catalano, R.F., & Haggerty, K.P. (2008). Sexual risk behavior 6 months post-high school: Associations with college attendance, living with a parent, and prior risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (February 11, 2014). HIV among African Americans. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (February 23, 2015). HIV/AIDS: HIV surveillance report. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (November 27, 2012). Vital signs: HIV infection, testing, and risk behaviors among youths – United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61.Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (September 24, 2014) State and local youth risk behavior survey. Retrieved from

References Davis, C., Sloan, M., MacMaster, S., & Hughes, L., (2006). The international AIDS questionnaire – English version (IAQ-E): Assessing the validity and reliability. Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention in Children & Youth, 7(2), 29 – 42. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2012). National survey of teens and young adults on HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from Kirby, D.B., Laris, B.A., & Rolleri, L.A. (2007). Sex and HIV education programs: Their impact on sexual behaviors of young people throughout the world. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals [DHH]. (December 31, 2014). Louisiana HIV and early syphilis surveillance quarterly report. Retrieved from Marsiglia, F.F., Jacobs, B.L., Nieri, T., Smith, S.J., Salamone, D., & Booth, J. (2013). Effects of an undergraduate HIV/AIDS course on students’ HIV risk. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 12(2),

References Mueller, T.E., Gavin, L.E., & Kulkarni, A. (2008). The association between sex education and youth’s engagement in sexual intercourse, age at first intercourse, and birth control use at first sex. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, O’Sullivan, L.F., Udell, W., Montrose, V.A., Antoniello, P., & Hoffman, S. (2010). A cognitive analysis of college students’ explanations for engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(5), 1121–1131. doi: /s Opt, S., Loffredo, D., Knowles, L., & Fletcher, C. (2007). College students and HIV/AIDS: A comparison of nontraditional and traditional student perspectives. Journal of American College Health, 56(2), Opt, S.K. & Loffredo, D.A. (2004). College students and HIV/AIDS: More insights on knowledge, testing, and sexual practices. The Journal of Psychology, 138(5), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (April 29, 2014). What is HIV/AIDS? Retrieved from