Armistice was reached on November 11, 11:00pm

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Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I

Allied Powers Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded Belgium : 50,000 soldiers killed Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed America : 116,000 soldiers killed The total deaths of all nations who fought in the war is thought to have been 8.5 million with 21 million being wounded. Central Powers Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killed Austria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killed Turkey : 325,000 soldiers killed Bulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killed

Winning the Peace: The Versailles Peace Conference  Paris and Palace of Versailles Big Four:  Woodrow Wilson (USA)  David Lloyd George (GBR)  Georges Clemenceau (FR)  Vittorio Orlando (IT)  Russia excluded  Defeated powers humiliated  Wilson’s 14 points the major proposal  signed on June 28, 1919

Wilson’s 14 Points  To “make the world safe for democracy”  #1-5 - international law recommendations  # European boundary restructure  #14 - League of Nations

 Territorial  Military  Financial  General

 The following land was taken away from Germany  Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)  Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)  Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)  Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia)  West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia (given to Poland)  The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in Germany or not in a future referendum.

Other Territory lost by Central Powers Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey -Austria and Hungary were treated as two completely new countries. -new state of Czechoslovakia -large blocks of land went to Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia -part of Austria went to Italy. -Bulgaria lost land to the new state of Yugoslavia -Turkey - or the Turkish Empire lost most of her land in Europe Turkey in Arabia was made into a mandate – the land was ruled by the British and French until the people of the areas were ready to govern themselves. Syria and Lebanon went to France while Iraq, Transjordan and Palestine went to Britain. Armies from Britain, France, Greece and Italy occupied what was left of Turkey - the area known as Asia Minor.

Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men; *not allowed tanks *not allowed an air force * no submarines *allowed only 6 capital naval ships *Land west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.

 War Reparations ($32 billion)  Make monthly payments  Lost the industrial area in the Rhineland  Caused Germany to go into an economic depression

 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause the infamous "War Guilt Clause".  2. Germany, was responsible therefore responsible for all the war damage caused by the First World War.  3. A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace. League of Nations  Article X- The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fulfilled.

 Wilson Bring the Treaty to the Senate

 Senate debate treaty- Impact of Article X

 Wilson suffers a stroke on October 2 and lies ill for 7 months, unable to participate actively in the ensuing national debate.  The Senate rejected the Treaty  US now begins to become isolationalist

 Didn’t participate in treaty  Accept treaty or be invaded by Allies  Scapegoat  no armed forces  never rise again or will they??????