Demography The Study of Population & Population Issues

Population Growth On the graph entitled “World Population Growth Since Common Era” Arrival of Vikings (1000) Invention of Gutenberg Printing Press (1440) When Canada became a country (1967) First humans on the moon (1969) When you were born Present time (2008)

Arrival of Vikings Gutenberg printing press Canada’s birthday Today Warfare & economic disruption Little Ice Age, famine, Black Death Plague First Human on the Moon

World Population Patterns How many years did it take for the world’s population to increase from: a)1 billion to 2 billion b)2 billion to 3 billion c)3 billion to 4 billion d)4 billion to 5 billion e)5 billion to 6 billion 123 years 33 years 14 years 13 years 12 years

World Projected Population Patterns How many years did it take for the world’s population to increase from: a)6 billion to 7 billion b)7 billion to 8 billion c)8 billion to 9 billion d)9 billion to 10 billion 14 years 15 years 26 years 29 years

Trends in Population

Demographic Terminology Birth Rate: # of births in a country for every 1000 people in the pop. Total births in one year population size ( in middle of year) X 1000

Birth Rate Highest B.R. - Niger Lowest B.R. – Japan 7.3 Canada – 10.28

Demographic Terminology Death Rate: # of deaths in a country for every 1000 people in the pop. Total deaths in one year population size ( in middle of year) X 1000

Death Rate Highest D.R. – Angola 23.4 Lowest D.R. - United Arab Emirates – 2.06 Canada – 7.98

Demographic Terminology Natural Increase Rate: difference between Birth Rate and Death Rate of a country BR - DR = NI

Natural Increase

Demographic Terminology Immigration Rate: # of people who permanently move to a country Emigration Rate: # of people who permanently move from a country Net Migration Rate – difference between IR and EM (IR-EM) Trinidad and Tobago -11.2UAE Canada 5.62

Demographic Terminology Population Growth Rate: rate at which a country’s population is changing. (BR-DR) + (IR - ER) = Pop. Growth

Population Growth Rate Highest P.G. – Zimbabwe 4.31% Lowest P.G. – Bulgaris % Canada %

Demographic Terminology Dependency Load: % of population that is ≤ 14 years old and 65 and older Age Dependency Ratio: ratio of people in “dependent” ages to those in the “working” ages. Population ≤ 14 + population 65+ population 15-64

Age-Dependency Ratio Highest A.D.R. - Uganda 1.12 (11 dependent people for every 10 working) Lowest A.D.R. - United Arab Emirates (3 dependent people for every 10 working) Canada – 0.44

Demographic Terminology Infant Mortality Rate: # of children, in a country, who die in the first year of life for each 1000 live births. # of babies that died before 1st birthday Total # of live births in middle ofyear X 1000

Infant Mortality Rate Highest I.M.R. - Angola Lowest I.M.R. – Singapore 2.32 Canada – 4.92

Demographic Terminology Life Expectancy: the average # of years a person is expected to live from birth. Population Pyramid: a special type of graph that summarizes the age and gender structure of a population.

Life Expectancy Highest L.E. - Japan Lowest L.E. – Angola 38.8 Canada – 81.4

Demographic Terminology Total Fertility: average # of children that each woman could have during her fertile years (15-45)

Fertility Rate Highest F.R. – Niger 7.6 Lowest F.R. – Singapore 1.1 Canada – 1.58

Demographic Terminology Population Pyramid: a special type of graph that summarizes the age and gender structure of a population.

Demographic Terminology Replacement Rate: is the total fertility rate that produces a natural increase rate of 0. This value does not take immigration into account Standard replacement rate is 2.1 (country’s population remains the same - no growth)

Demographic Terminology Rule of 70: a way to estimate how long it would take for a country’s population to double 70/country’s growth rate = number of years in which a country’s population will double