 The characteristics of human populations  Statistics based on population related factors

 Population density is the measure of the number per unit area.  It is commonly represented as people per square mile (or square kilometer)  total area population / land area in square miles (or square kilometers)

 For example, Canada's population of 33 million, divided by the land area of 3,559,294 square miles yields a density of 9.27 people per square mile.

From Latin - each head Or per person

 the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area  expressed per 1000 population per year  Lowest – Monaco (6), Highest – Niger (50)

 the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area  expressed per 1000 population per year  Lowest (U.A.E. -1) Highest (Lesotho – 20)

 Infant deaths per 1,000 annual live births  Infant is statistically considered to be under a year of age

 Highest  109  Lowest  1.6

 The Rate of Natural Increase (r)  Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r)  In the United States: ◦ the current birth rate is 13 per thousand per year ◦ The death rate is 8 per thousand per year So the rate of natural increase is 5 per thousand (0.005 or 0.5%)

 The average number of children that women have in this country.  Lowest is 1.2 in Macao, Hong Kong, South Korea, Portugal, Taiwan and Bosnia- Herzegovina  Highest is Niger at 7.6

 Lowest – North Korea at 1  Highest – Niger  192

 Sometimes expressed as adult literacy rate – percentage of people in a country over fifteen that can read and write

 Gross National Income – Power Parity per capita  GNI PPP is the average annual income earned by a citizen of a country

 Highest – Qatar ◦ $133,850 per annum  Central African Republic - $106 per annum

 The number of men compared to women in a statistic –In United States  Sex ratio: at birth: Worldwide 1.07:1  United States 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female years: 1.05 male(s)/female years: 1 male(s)/female years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

 Highest Disparity  A skewed sex ratio at birth decreases statistically with the number of children a woman has COUNTRY/YEAR SEX RATIO AT BIRTH China (Mainland) (2009) Azerbaijan (2009) Armenia (2008) Georgia (2006) Montenegro ( ) Albania (2008) Vietnam (2010) India ( ) Pakistan (2007) 109.9

 Average number of years an individual could be expected to live based on current patterns of mortality

 Lowest - 44 Lesotho  Highest - 87 ◦ San Marino