DO NOW: objective textbook? [paragraph] Do you think it’s possible to write an entirely OBJECTIVE (facts-only) textbook? Do you think it’s desirable to write an entirely objective textbook? Why or why not?

ANNOUNCEMENTS! 1.Hand in all unused hall passes, late HW passes and drop lowest quiz scores for Quarter 1 extra credit 2.Unit 3 test on Tuesday (review sheet Monday)

STEP 3 (from yesterday) Design your own textbook section about Columbus (on the back of yesterday’s reading) What info should be included? What info should be left out?

Unit 3, Lecture #3: The Transatlantic Slave Trade

1. Why slavery?  Colonization: when one government takes control over an area and its people (WHY?) Spanish colonies (starting 1492)

1. Why slavery? PROBLEM: Need labor Options: native Americans? Europeans? Africans? Caribbean plantation

2. How did the slave trade start?  First - African slave trade… -increases with Islamic trade (9 th C) Slave market in Yemen (13 th C)

2. How did the slave trade start? Remember Portugal?  Set up trading posts along African coast

2. How did the slave trade start? Ex: Portuguese alliance w/ Kingdom of Kongo -- slaves for textiles, weapons, support

“Triangle Trade” – the more accurate model… Manufactured goods go to Africa, too! 2. How did the slave trade start? The slave economy  Fuels “Triangle Trade”

“Black” Gold? Analyze the map: Where were slaves coming from? Where were they going?

“The Middle Passage” – slaves traveling across the Atlantic - Took 1-3 months -over 30,000 voyages  each ship takes people

Slave Ship Plan

Horrifying conditions onboard the ship… - Endured torture, rape, denial of identity - High mortality rate due to disease

Revolt! Many felt death was preferable

African Captives Thrown Overboard Morbid fact: Sharks followed the slave ships across the Atlantic

3. What were the impacts? IN AFRICA – depended on where you were  275 different groups affected by slave trade  Some not affected…  Some grew rich Cape Coast Castle, W. Africa

3. What were the impacts? OVERWHELMINGLY… Africa suffered greatly -- population loss -- distorted sex ratios

3. What were the impacts?  Encouraged VIOLENCE within Africa African Captives in Yokes

Quote from African King of Kongo to King of Portugal (~1520)  What is the King of Kongo asking for? Why? Each day the traders are kidnapping our people – children of this country, sons of our nobles, even people of our own family. This corruption and depravity are so widespread that our land is entirely depopulated. We need in this kingdom only priests and schoolteachers, and no merchandise, unless it is wine and flour for mass. It is our wish that this Kingdom not be a place for the trade or transport of slaves. Many of our subjects eagerly lust after Portuguese merchandise that your subjects have brought into our domains. To satisfy this inordinate appetite, they seize many of our black free subjects…they sell them. After having taken these prisoners [to the coast] secretly or at night…as soon as the captives are in the hands of the white men they are branded with a red-hot iron.

Other impacts?  Forced migration…and psychological toll -10 million survived Middle Passage - 450,000 to USA (5% of total) - Worked on plantations, farms, mines, and as domestic servants Notice of a Slave Auction

First Slave Auction New Amsterdam (Dutch New York City - 17c)

Slave Auction in the Southern U. S. - By 18th century, most U.S. slaves in the South - Grew rice, cotton, indigo, sugarcane, tobacco

Slave Master Brands

Slave With Iron Muzzle

30 Lashes

Whipped Slave, early 19c

A Slave Lynching

Abolitionist Symbol, 19 th C Slavery ended: no more imports into US British West Indies (Caribbean) French colonies US ends slavery Brazil 4. How did the slave trade end? [abolition]

Olaudah Equiano ( ) 1789  wrote and published, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African.