© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The World of Music 6 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter.

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© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The World of Music 6 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 14: American Classical Music

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Preoccupation with Europe Initial Immigrants were from Europe Early Public Concerts Featured European Music Orchestras Bands Piano Became Household Instrument Children Studied in Europe American Music Believed to be Inferior

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The Development of the Virtuoso European Artists Visited America Proficient, Established Performers European “Stars” in America Violin, Ole Bull Voice, Jenny Lind American Audiences Naïve Personality and Technical Abilities Emphasized Musical Quality Sometimes Neglected

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill French Connection 1920’s France Replaced Germany as Artistic Destination of Choice Impressionism Americans Studying in France American Conservatory in Fountainebleau Nadia Boulanger American Jazz Included in European Art Music European Composers who Emigrated to America Igor Stravinsky Arnold Schoenberg Paul Hindemith B é la Bart ó k

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Early Music Education in America Singing Schools Handel and Haydn Society of Boston (1815) Public School Programs, Lowell Mason (1838) Conservatories Peabody Institute (Baltimore, 1860) Cincinnati (1865) Harvard University Music Curriculum (1875)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill American Nationalistic Music Nationalistic Composers Charles Ives Aaron Copland Often Quotes Folk Music Native American Melodies/Rhythms Sprituals Sought Music that SOUNDED American Wide, Open Spaces as a Program Jazz

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Charles Ives (1874 – 1954) Great Innovator Highly Successful Businessman Great Freedom to Compose Substantial Resources Style Quotations from American Life Complex (for Performers and Audiences) Representative Pieces 4 Symphonies 200 Songs Tone Poems Three Places in New England The Unanswered Question 2 Piano Sonatas

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Aaron Copland (1900 – 1990) Merged Classical and Vernacular Styles Innovation, Built on the Past Organized New Music Concerts Sources Cowboy Songs Mexican Songs Church Music Jazz/Blues Representative Works Ballets Billy the Kid Rodeo Appalachian Spring Patriotic Music Fanfare for the Common Man Lincoln Portrait Movie Music Red Pony Our Town

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Other American Composers Amy Cheney Beach Ruth Crawford William Grant Still Ulysses Kay Henry Cowell Louis Gottschalk George Gershwin Ellen Taaffe Zwilich Jennifer Higdon

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Chapter Summary How do composers find a new musical language? Do you have any ideas about how future music may sound? How has the Civil Rights Movement’s effect on our culture influenced artistic developments? …In popular music? …In art music?