Chapter 20 26% of teens report current tobacco use Over 6.4 million children alive today will die of a smoking related disease

 All forms of tobacco contain chemicals that are bad for your health  Leading cause of preventable deaths and disabilities in US  Smoking – linked to lung disease, cancers, and heart disease  90% of adult smokers began as a teen

 Nicotine – addictive drug found in tobacco leaves  Makes it hard for people to quit using tobacco  Is a stimulant – increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart and other organs  Raises blood pressure  Increases Heart rate

 Carcinogens – cancer causing agent  Tar – thick, sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns  Destroys cilia, alveoli, damages lung tissue  Smokers are susceptible to bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, heart disease and cancer  Carbon Monoxide – colorless, odorless, poisonous gas  In cigarette smoke  Deprives body’s cells and tissues of oxygen  Poisonous compounds found in paint, rat poison, and toilet cleaner

 Cigars – contain more nicotine, more tar, and more carbon monoxide than cigarette  Cigar and Pipe user at higher risk for cancers of lip, mouth, larynx, throat, lungs and esophagus  Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed  NOT a safe alternative to smoking  Nicotine and carcinogens absorbed through mucus membranes into bloodstream  Amounts can be 3 times that of 1 cigarette Leukoplakia

 Occur immeadiately  Brain Chemistry  Cravings for tobacco  Withdrawal symptoms as quick as 30 minutes after use  Increased respiration and HR  Physical activity is difficult and endurance is decreased  Taste buds dulled  Appetite reduced  Bad breath  Yellow teeth  Smelly hair, skin, and clothes

 Chronic bronchitis  Cilia in bronchial tubes damaged, leads to build up of tar causing a chronic cough and mucus secretions  Emphysema  Air sacs in the lungs are damaged, making it difficult to absorb oxygen  Lung cancer  Develops when cilia is destroyed and excess mucus cannot be expelled  Coronary heart disease and stroke  Nicotine constricts blood vessels and leads to build up of plaque in the arteries (arteriosclerosis)  Weakened immune system

 Cost to society  $167 billion per year for tobacco related illnesses  Cost to individuals  1 pack of cigarettes per day = $3500 per year  Legal  Must be 18 to buy tobacco  Cannot bring tobacco or use tobacco at school

 Control weight  Cope with stress  Make them appear mature and independent  Influence by the media

 Better recognition of health risks  88% of teens in US do not smoke (up from 65%)  Legislation (laws) – make it illegal for companies to direct ads toward teens  Limits smoking in public places and businesses  Family values – when parents don’t smoke, teens usually don’t smoke  Positive peer pressure – friends who do not smoke

 Better cardiovascular endurance and function  Free from dependence on a substance  Free from the many health risks associated with tobacco

 Surround yourself with positive influences  Reduce peer pressure by staying away from situations where tobacco will be present  Prepare your refusal skills  Be assertive and confident in your healthy choices

 Nicotine withdrawal – process body goes through when tobacco is discontinued  Irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, cravings for tobacco  Nicotine substitutes – products that deliver small amounts of nicotine to the use while they are trying to quit  Patches  Gum  Nasal sprays

 Prepare for the quit day  Rid your environment of tobacco products  Avoid tobacco trigger situations  Get support – make family and friends aware of your goal  Get professional help  Replace tobacco with healthy behaviors  Exercise

 Nonsmokers who breath in someone else’s tobacco smoke are at risk for health problems  Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) – second hand smoke  air contaminated with tobacco smoke  Causes eye irritation, headaches, coughing  Causes 3000 deaths per year  Mainstream smoke – exhaled from lungs of smoker  Sidestream smoke – smoke from end of cigarette, cigar, or pipe

 Smoking during pregnancy can seriously harm the developing fetus  Risks of miscarriage, premature delivery, low birth weight, deformities, stillbirths  Higher risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)  Risk for severe asthma after birth, ear infections and respiratory infections

 Higher incidence of sore throats, ear infections, respiratory problems  Can slow lung development making the lungs weaker