Cells

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What is a cell? The cell is the basic unit of all life. The cell is the basic unit of all life. It is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. It is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “ i ” It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “ i ”

Basics of the Cell Every person begins life as a single cell. Every person begins life as a single cell. In order for a human form to take shape the cells must divide and reproduce. They must also specialize, or differentiate. In order for a human form to take shape the cells must divide and reproduce. They must also specialize, or differentiate. Differentiation – some cells become part of the eye, while others develop the brain or other parts of the body. Differentiation – some cells become part of the eye, while others develop the brain or other parts of the body.

Nucleus & Organelles A nucleus is a special membrane- covered organelle inside a cell where the cell’s DNA or genetic material resides A nucleus is a special membrane- covered organelle inside a cell where the cell’s DNA or genetic material resides An organelle is a structure inside a cell that enables the cell to grow, live, and reproduce. An organelle is a structure inside a cell that enables the cell to grow, live, and reproduce.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus Animal cells, plant cells, protists, and fungi Animal cells, plant cells, protists, and fungi Prokaryotic cells lack a central nucleus Prokaryotic cells lack a central nucleus Bacteria, viruses Bacteria, viruses

The Cell Theory The Cell Theory

Discovery of Cells English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork. He described the cells as tiny empty rooms or a honeycomb He described the cells as tiny empty rooms or a honeycomb He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi

Anton van Leuwenhoek Discovered single-celled organisms in pond scum Discovered single-celled organisms in pond scum He called them “animalcules” He called them “animalcules” He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans Therefore, it was known that cells are found in animals as well as plants Therefore, it was known that cells are found in animals as well as plants

Development of Cell Theory German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

Development of Cell Theory Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.

The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.

What we know about cells now: All cells contain genetic information (DNA). All cells contain genetic information (DNA). Chemical and physiological processes happen inside the cell (movement, digestion). Chemical and physiological processes happen inside the cell (movement, digestion). There are structures (organelles) within the cell that perform important jobs. There are structures (organelles) within the cell that perform important jobs.

How Has The Cell Theory Been Used? The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as: The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as: Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.) Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.)