The Home Front WWI: Preparation for War Graphic Organizer

The Home Front Organizing the Economy Government Agencies – War Industries Board – Food Administration – Fuel Administration – Congress – CPI Mobilizing the Work Force – National War Labor Board – Women – African Americans – Mexican-Americans Building a Military Selective Service Mixed Military Women in the Military

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: War Industries Board CONTROLS PRODUCTION OF WAR MATERIALS – Ammunition, Steel, Clothing – Told manufacturers what they could produce – rationed raw materials – ordered factory construction – set prices on goods

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: Food Administration Rationed food production and distribution – Ran by Herbert Hoover (future president) – Increased food production – Decreased food consumption Meatless Fridays – Victory Gardens to Cut back on food imports

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: Fuel Administration Managed Coal and Oil  CONSERVE ENERGY – Shorted Work Weeks – “Heatless Mondays”  CUTS/RATIONS

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: Congress Increased the Income Tax Rates – Set Taxes on Corporate Profits – the more $ they make, the more they get taxed – Taxes on Arms factories LIBERTY and VICTORY BONDS (War Bonds) – American citizens were loaning $ to the Government,

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: Committee of Public Opinion (CIP) Sell the war to the American People – Advertisers, artists, authors, songwriters, entertainers, public speakers, motion pictures – FOUR MINUTE MEN pro war speeches, urged Americans to buy War bonds – Propaganda urged Americans to support war Espionage Act 1917 (spying for the enemy) – Illegal to aid the enemy Sedition Act 1918 – Illegal to talk bad about the war

Mobilizing the Work Force National War Labor Board (NWLB) – Daylight Savings Time – Prevent worker strikes – Improve wages – 8 hour work day – Unions and workers won’t disrupt War production

Mobilizing the Work Force Women Many men gone to war  Women took jobs – Factories – Ship yards – Railroad yards – Police – Mail carriers – Train engineers *ONCE WAR ENDED most women went back to previous life/job

Mobilizing the Work Force African Americans/Mexican Migration The Great Migration – 300, ,000 African Americans migrated North – Chicago, NYC, Detroit, Cleveland – Changed the culture and politics – Race Riots 1919 Mexicans migrated north into the South West – Labored as ranchers and farmers – Migrated north with the African Americans – Hostility and job discrimination

Building the Military Selective Service Lottery Draft evaluated at local levels to choose who was/was not fit for duty – Every man must register – 2.8 million drafted – 2 million volunteers

Building the Military Mixed Military 400,000 African Americans – 42,000 in combat 12,000 Native Americans 20,000 Puerto Ricans

Building the Military Women in the Military – Navy enlisted Women Clerical work 11,000 enlisted – Army Nursing Corps Refused to enlist women Hired temps or nurses 200,000 nurses served 10,000 served over seas