Ecology Quiz Review

______ is the study of how organisms interact with other organisms and their environment?

ECOLOGY What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?

Name the levels of organization of living things in Ecology from smallest to biggest.

What is… Organism Species Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere Species Organism

What is an organism?

One member of a species

What is a species?

An organism that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

What is a population?

Organisms of the same species living in the same area. Why are you looking at us?

What is a community?

All the different species (living things) in an area

What is an ecosystem?

All the living (biotic)and non-living (abiotic) things in an area “Abiotic” Non-Living Sun Water Soil “Biotic” Living Trees Ducks Fish

What is a biome?

Group of ecosystems with same climate, same types of living things (plants and animals)

What is the biosphere?

All the areas of the Earth (above, on, below surface) that contains living things

______ is where an organism lives and gets its needs met? (example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

Habitat is where an organism lives and gets its needs met? (example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

______________ is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

CLIMATE is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

What make their own food?

PRODUCERS AUTOTROPHS (PLANTS!)

What need to find and eat food?

Heterotrophs - Consumers Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposers Scavengers

What do each of these consumers eat? Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore

Eats only meat Eats only plants Eats meat and plants What do each of these consumers eat?

What digests and absorbs nutrients from breaking down dead and decaying organisms?

DECOMPOSERS (Mushrooms, Worms, Bacteria) What digests and absorbs nutrients from breaking down dead and decaying organisms?

What is an organism that eats already dead animals?

Scavengers Vultures & Hyenas We really need to thank the lions for killing our meal!

What provides almost all the energy in ecosystems?

THE SUN!!!! What provides almost all the energy in ecosystems?

What is this structure called? Name and describe each trophic level. How much energy is transferred from lower level to next?

What is this structure called? Energy Pyramid Name and describe each trophic level. See labels How much energy is transferred from lower level to next? 10% Carnivores (eat Herbivores) & Omnivores Carnivores & Omnivores

What is this called?

Food Chain Linear Loss of one organism disrupts the chain

A ______ ____ is an ecological model of the relationships of complex interactions among organisms in a community. Why does the arrow point towards the consumer?

Food Web Arrows show the transfer of energy from one organism to another. Arrow points to mouth that does the eating. One loss of organism does not disrupt the entire web. A ______ ____ is an ecological model of the relationships of complex interactions among organisms in a community.

Biotic Factor means… Abiotic Factor means…

Biotic factor means… Living factors that affect the environment or a population. Examples: disease, predators, prey Abiotic factor means… Non-living factors that affect the environment or a population. Examples: wind, hurricane, tornado, flood

What is the human factor?

A factor caused by human actions such as pollution, all trees cut down, global warming, making a park, or over hunting that affect the environment or a population.

____________ is the term used for organisms fighting for the same resources (food, shelter, mates) in an area.

__Competition______ is the term used for organisms fighting for the same resources (food, shelter, mates) in an area.

____________ is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship) Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

Niche is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship) Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

_____?______ is the term for organisms depending on each other

SYMBIOSIS is the term for organisms depending on each other

_____________ is when both organisms help each other (+/+) Ex: Bee & Flower Lichen (algae/fungus) Shark & Remora Fish

Mutualism is when both organisms help each other (+/+) Ex: Bee & Flower Lichen (algae/fungus) Shark & Remora Fish

_______ is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (+/0) (harmed or helped) Ex: Bird nest/Tree Barnacle/Whale

Commensalism is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (harmed or helped) (+/0) Ex: Bird nest/Tree Barnacle/Whale

_________ is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed (+/-) Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

Parasitism is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed (+/-) Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

What is it called when one organism kills and eats another?

What is Predator/Prey Predator (lynx that kills and eats) vs. Prey (rabbit that gets killed) (+/-) “Predation”

________ __________ is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

Primary Succession: is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

________ _____ is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re- grows into a forest again.

Secondary Succession is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re- grows into a forest again.

A B C D Which type of vegetation represents a climax community?

A B C D Which type of vegetation represents a climax community? Largest Mature Trees

Be able to: Explain what carrying capacity is Determine the carrying capacity of population Explain what factors (biotic, abiotic, human) cause increases and decreases in a population When population graph is … ↗ Births > Deaths (resources are plenty, predators decreased, etc.) ↘ Births < Deaths (resources are low; predators increasing, etc.) → Level: Births = Deaths (resources are right for number of organisms) Dotted line is the carrying capacity (amount of organisms the area can support)

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Grasslands (Prairies, Steppes, Pampas)

GRASSLAND IMPORTANT FACTS Prairies Inland on N. America Fertile soil Little rain Fires common Burrowing animals

SAVANNA

IMPORTANT FACTS Hot Dry Africa Grasses Smaller trees Inland so less rain Fires are common Large carnivores – Lions

TEMPERATE RAINFOREST

IMPORTANT FACTS Lost of rain but moderate temperatures North West area – Oregon Redwood Trees – big

Tropical Rainforest

TROPICAL RAINFOREST IMPORTANT FACTS Near Equator High Temps High Rainfall >2 meters /yr High humidity Poor Soil Most Biomass (plants) Most Biodiversity

Temperate Deciduous Forest

TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST IMPORTANT FACTS VIRGINIA Deciduous Trees- Leaves change and fall Fertile soil Broad leaves Animals – Birds migrate, mammals hibernate

Taiga TAIGA

TAIGA (BORIAL FOREST) IMPORTANT FACTS Larges biome on the Earth Pine Trees (Conifers) Winter long 6-10 mo. Snow is precipitation Animals – migratory, thick fur

Deserts

DESERT IMPORTANT FACTS Very Dry: Less than 25 cm of rainfall per year Estivation – animals sleep during the summer Cactus – thick fleshy stems with wax covering with spines Nocturnal – active at night/sleep during day Get water from their food

Tundra

TUNDRA IMPORTANT FACTS Coldest and Driest Snow covered No trees Permafrost – perm. Frozen layer of ground Plants – mosses and lichen Brief summer Migratory animals White animals

Keep studying until you get every question correct!