2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a tree map KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 11 Topic: 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules Essential Question: Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a Tree Map on pg. 10.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Carbon Atom How many valence electrons does Carbon have?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules “The building block of life” -carbon atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Macromolecules: very large and complex molecules produced when carbon chains bond with carbon rings

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Carbon Video- 4 mins

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together (like links in a chain) –Monomers are the individual subunits. (mono=1) –Polymers are made of many monomers. (poly= +1)

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Carbon Based Molecules Tree Map Poster Carbohydrates What are they? 2 main types? What do we need them for? At least 4 examples of foods with carbohydrates Pictures Lipids What are they? 2 main types? What do we need them for? At least 4 examples of foods with lipids Pictures Proteins What are they? What are amino acids? What do we need them for? At least 4 examples of foods with proteins Pictures Nucleic Acids What are they? What is their function? What are the two types? What do the two types do? Pictures (p.241) (p ) in Bio Book Pg. 10 in INB Make sure to copy it in your notebook P.10 !!!!

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Can you think of any foods that you eat that have carbohydrates “carbs” in them?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Two types of Carbohydrates: –Monosaccharides are simple sugars (candy, jam, desserts) –Polysaccharides include starches (cereals, bread, pasta, potatoes, and rice)

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Why do we need Carbohydrates???

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Lipids are non polar molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Many lipids contain carbon chains called fatty acids. –Fatty acids: chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules 1) saturated fatty acids: Most animal fats Ex: milk, steak, eggs, butter

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules 2) Unsaturated fatty acids: Plant fat= oils “Good for you” fats Ex: avocados, nuts, beans

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Hypothesize why we need lipids???

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules –broken down as a source of energy –Store large amounts of chemical energy –make up cell membranes/structure

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Proteins are polymers of amino acids. –Amino acids: are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Carbon bonding four atoms together

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules What types of foods give us proteins?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Hypothesize why we need proteins?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Proteins are used for movement, eyesight, and digestion.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Nucleic acids biological molecules essential for life on Earth. Made of polymers of nucleotides. –*They have only one job: To work together to make proteins

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules –DNA stores the information for making proteins; stores genetic information. –RNA helps builds proteins. DNA RNA 2 Types of nucleic acids:

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules –Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base deoxyribose (sugar)

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules Crash Course: Carbon (start 1m40s-10m5s) bullets on P. 11

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules 1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids. 2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules 1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids. 2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins. Broken down as energy Make-up cell membrane Used to make hormones Eyesight digestion movement