Square Deal Roosevelt’s plan to treat everyone “equal” Good Trust – business that provides consumers with needed products at a reasonable price Bad Trust – business that restricted trade and used its influence to charge higher prices

The Coal Strike of ,000 Pennsylvania coal miners went on strike for (1)higher wages, (2)shorter hours, and (3)acceptance of their union. Eastern cities depended upon Pennsylvania coal for heating. Owners refused to negotiate.

Coal Strike of 1902 Winter drew closer, instead of sending in the U.S. Army to force the miners back to work, Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines if the owners didn’t negotiate Arbitration - Formal meeting to talk about and settle disagreements

Coal Strike of 1902 After a three-month investigation, negotiators decided to give the workers a shorter workday and higher pay

Roosevelt vs. Railroads Hepburn Act – Federal Gov. to regulate railroad rates and set maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines

Muckrakers - Journalists who helped raise public awareness of problems in society - Upton Sinclair published a book called “The Jungle” - Pure Food and Drug Act – banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of contaminated foods/drugs

Roosevelt and Conservation

Conservation vs. Preservation Conservationist Preservationist To manage the use of natural resources for the benefit of all Americans Believed Nature should be protected because of its beauty

What is your career goal? (Dream Job)

Taft becoming President: 1908: Roosevelt decides not to run for President and pushes his friend William Taft to be nominated (He believed that Taft would continue his Square Deal program)

What was Taft’s Goal Growing Up? A: President of the United States B: General for the U.S. Army C: Play professional baseball D: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Facts 11 ½ feet tall ½ feet tall. 243 pounds after college. 340 pounds after Presidency. He fall asleep during his own parade. He was teased for trivial things such as not remembering names, needing an oversized bathtub, and falling asleep at awkward moments. He was the first President over 48 states. His death was the first to be broadcasted. He got stuck in his bath tube got stuck in his bathtub.

Taft’s Bathtub

Differences: Why did Roosevelt want Taft to become President? He believed he would continue his Square Deal program!! How did they differ?... Taft believed that the Law, not personal views or public opinion should guide the actions of the government

Election of 1912: William Taft – Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive Party (Bull Moose) Woodrow Wilson – Democratic Party

Progressive Party Platform A strong executive More active business regulations Additional social welfare measures. Roosevelt’s criticism of Taft greatly angered him NewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalism

Progressive Party Platform Women’s suffrage. Graduated income tax. Inheritance tax for the rich. Lower tariffs. Limits on campaign spending. Currency reform. Minimum wage laws. Social insurance. Abolition of child labor. Workmen’s compensation. NewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalism

Democratic Party Platform Government control of the monopolies  trusts in general were bad  eliminate them!! Tariff reduction. Create a Department of Labor. Create a Department of Labor. Did NOT support women’s suffrage. NewFreedomNewFreedomNewFreedomNewFreedom

Who wins?... Woodrow Wilson!!

Election Results By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had voted for Bryan in 1908.

GOP Divided by Bull Moose Equals Democratic Victory!

Have you ever been influenced to want/buy something after watching a commercial of that product? If so, what was it?

served as a college professor and President of Princeton University served as Governor of New Jersey with a Progressive agenda was the first Democrat to be elected in 20 years Able to pass many laws because the majority of Congress was also Democrats Woodrow Wilson

Terms and People Sixteenth Amendment – gave Congress the power to impose an income tax Federal Reserve Act – placed the national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board (12 regional banks) Federal Trade Commission - Reviews company records and business practices/Establishes standards for advertising

The Underwood Act also provided for the creation of a graduated income tax, first permitted in 1913, under the newly ratified Sixteenth Amendment. (Income Tax) Progressives like Wilson felt it was only fair that the wealthy should pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than the poor. Revenue from the income tax more than offset the loss of funds from the lowered tariff.

Wilson passed the Federal Reserve Act of It established a system of regional banks to hold reserve funds for the nation’s commercial banks. Still in place today, the Federal Reserve protects against any one person, bank, or region from controlling interest rates. Previously, a few wealthy bankers could manipulate interest rates for their own profit.

In 1914, the Clayton Antitrust Act defined specific activities in which businesses could not engage. Like Roosevelt, Wilson only opposed trusts that engaged in unfair practices. The Clayton Act also protected unions: It made federal laws against monopolies and allowed labor unions to go on strike.