Chapter 1 Notes Hamilton High School Mr. Quinn

What is SCIENCE ??? The knowledge of what we believe to be true AND the techniques and procedures used in seeking that knowledge. Truth in Science is proven by experimentation... Pure Science – discovery for knowledge alone. Applied Science (Technology)- Using science knowledge to improve the human condition. PHILOSOPHY studies ETERNAL TRUTHS….

Why study Biology? Chemistry – The study of chemical reactionsChemistry – The study of chemical reactions Physics – The study of forces in nature.Physics – The study of forces in nature. Biology - The study of life.Biology - The study of life. The future health of our planet and our species depends upon our understanding of biology, chemistry, and physics!The future health of our planet and our species depends upon our understanding of biology, chemistry, and physics!

Biology- The study of Life scientific method Plants Kingdoms of Living Things DNA and Heredity Ecology Research Cells

Chemistry- The study of chemical reactions.

Physics- The Study of the forces of nature.

CELLS.1. They are organized into units called CELLS. REPRODUCTION.2. They are capable of REPRODUCTION. 3. They change during their lives. (GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT) ( RESPONSIVENESS)4. They adjust to their surroundings. ( RESPONSIVENESS) All Living Things!!

5. Obtain and use ENERGY..called METABOLISM5. Obtain and use ENERGY..called METABOLISM 6. Maintaining a chemical balance called HOMEOSTASIS.6. Maintaining a chemical balance called HOMEOSTASIS. 7. Pass on traits using genes called HEREDITY7. Pass on traits using genes called HEREDITY Anything that possesses ALL of the characteristics of life is known as an organism.Anything that possesses ALL of the characteristics of life is known as an organism. Living Things Also....

Other Themes of BIOLOGY Evolution - The diversity of life today is a result of a long history of change through mutation and adaptation. Natural Selection is the driving force Interdependence - All life forms are dependent on each other for survival within the ecosystem. Also known as, Ecology.

More Themes to be covered Reproduction- How organisms make more of themselves. Sexual vs. Asexual Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protist and Bacteria- all the different types of living things. Scientific Investigation- How we complete labs and answer questions. Human Body Systems

Living Things Adjust To Their Surroundings How does heredity, metabolism and homeostasis relate to this organism?

Tools of Science…. Scientific Method- experimenting Metric System….based on the number 10. – meter –length….kilo, meter, centi, milli – liter – volume….kilo, liter, milli – gram – mass……kilo, gram, milli – temperature – Celsius 0 to 100 degrees

A step-by-step process used to solve problems. Scientific Investigation

Steps In The Scientific Method State the problem 1. State the problem ( in the form of a question). 2. Research information information 3. Form the hypothesis and prediction 4. Test- Experiment – Control group – Experimental group Identify independent and dependent variable 5. Identify independent and dependent variable Analyze 6. Record and Analyze your data. conclusion 7. Draw a conclusion about the validity of your hypothesis.

The Parts of An Experiment Experiment Experiment - testing a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled conditions. Two groups: Control 1. Control - all conditions are kept the same. Experimental 2. Experimental - all conditions are kept the same except the single one that’s being tested.

The Parts of An Experiment It’s important that in a controlled experiment, only one condition is changed at a time. independent variable The condition that is changed is called the independent variable. dependent variable The condition that results from changing the independent variable is known as the dependent variable.

An Example of an Independent Variable In an experiment designed to test the effectiveness of a flea powder, the amount of flea powder applied to dogs would be an example of an independent variable.

An Example of a Dependent Variable The number of fleas detected on each dog over the next few days, weeks, or months would be the dependent variable in this experiment.

The Development of Theories theory A hypothesis that is supported by many separate experiments over a long period of time is known as a theory. Examples: - Theory of Evolution - Big Bang Theory