Chapter 4 From Polis to Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic World, 387–30 B.C.E.

Learning Objectives: Questions to Consider Why was Alexander the Great able to conquer the Persian Empire? How and why did the empire of Alexander disintegrate after his death? In what ways did the Greeks demonstrate an interest in the non-Greek world during the Hellenistic Age? In what ways was the Hellenistic Age an age of science and technology? How did the people of the Hellenistic Age use religion to take control of their lives?

Alexander the Great, B.C.E. The Rise of Macedonia –Macedonia and the Greeks –Philip II and the Macedonia Army The Unification of Greece –Chaeronea, 338 B.C.E. League of Corinth –Alexander Becomes King

Alexander the Great, B.C.E. Alexander’s Wars –Defeat of Darius III and the Persians, B.C.E. Granicus River, Issus, and Gaugamela –Expansion: Bactria and India Alexander’s Empire –Consolidation and Unification Colonies (Alexandria) –The Death of Alexander

The Hellenistic World, B.C.E. Hellenistic Kingdoms –The Division of Alexander’s Empire –The Antigonids of Macedonia –The Ptolemies of Egypt Cleopatra (r B.C.E.) –The Seleucids Parthian invasion –Hellenistic Life Inflation and Market Economy

The Hellenistic World, B.C.E. Hellenistic Cities –Colonies Greek Culture and Learning –The Museum –Small Hellenistic Powers Pergamum –Parchment Rhodes

The Hellenistic World, B.C.E. Voyages of Exploration –The Voyages of Nearchus, 4 th century B.C.E. –The Peripius of the Red Sea –Voyages into the Atlantic Ocean The Expedition of Hanno Down the African Coast, 5 th century B.C.E. The Expedition of Pytheas Up the Atlantic Coast of Europe, 300 B.C.E.

Hellenistic Culture and Science Art and Literature –Hellenistic Culture: a Hellenic-Barbarian Hybrid Syncretism –Hellenistic Art –Hellenistic Literature From Creative Literature to Scholarship Attention to Practical Application Koinē

Hellenistic Culture and Science Practical Philosophy –Aristotle and the Lyceum The Scientific Method Hellenistic Science –Theophrastus –Euclid Astronomy and Medical Science –Aristarchus –Hipparchus –Hippocrates

Hellenistic Culture and Science Technology –Hellenistic Inventors Ctesibius of Alexandria Hero of Alexandria, “Machine Man” –Archimedes of Syracuse Mathematical Physics –The Anticythera Device Horoscopes

Identity in a Cosmopolitan Society An Age of Anxiety –The Cosmopolis –Astrology and Magic Tyche The Hellenistic Mystery Cults –The Cults and Salvation –The Eleusinian Mysteries –The Cult of Isis –The Cult of Cybele

Identity in a Cosmopolitan Society The Intellectual Approach to Identity –Diogenes and the Cynics, mid-4 th century B.C.E. –Epicurus and Epicureanism, 300 B.C.E. –Zeno and Stoicism, 300 B.C.E.

Identity in a Cosmopolitan Society Hellenistic Judaism –Jews in the Hellenistic World Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Hellenization –The Revolt of the Maccabees Hasidism Hanukkah –The Jewish Kingdom Sadducees and the Sanhedrin Pharisees –The Jewish Diaspora The Septuagint