Main Goals: Welfare of the society should be the government’s responsibility Wanted protection for wages, working conditions, and unemployment Involved in child labor, women’s suffrage, and prohibition Progressive Era

Political Cartoons Thomas Nast Many against political machines and William Marcy Tweed. Tweed was the most famous corrupt city boss of Tammany Hall. Was arrested in He influenced many future progressive movements.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory caught fire. Many women died due to locked doors and a collapsed emergency exit.

Socialism Industrial Workers of the World “Wobblies” under the head of Eugene V Debs Strong in urban immigrant communities Big Bill Haywood Active in promoting violence Eugene V Debs ran as socialist candidate but later arrested

Labor Unions Wobblies United Mine Workers American Federation of Labor didn’t approve of relying on government interaction. Union Labor Party

McKinley Spanish-American War Philippines War Opposed William Jennings Bryan who made his “Cross of Gold Speech” which supported the inclusion of silver in the currency. Currency Act confirmed the nation’s commitment to the gold standard. Yellow Journalism exaggerated the situations of Spain and Cuba and attained support.

Theodore Roosevelt Took over as President when McKinley was assassinated. Envisioned the federal government as a mediator of the public good Food and Drug Act Conservation Laws Meat Inspection Act Immunity of Witness Act

Open Door Policy Panama Canal Passed Sherman Anti-trust Act Square-Deal to help middle class citizens Passed Interstate Commerce Act (ICC) Hepburn Act Later returned and ran as Progressive Party aka Bull Moose Party.

Panic of 1907 Caused by bank speculation, lack of flexible credit policies, and a conservative gold standard. Led to Federal Reserve System that reformed banks enacted by Wilson

William Taft Two goals: to continue Roosevelt’s trust busting policies and to reconcile old Conservatives and young Progressives Hand picked successor of Roosevelt Unpopular with people Pinchot-Ballinger Affair Payne-Aldrich Tariff helped Progressives with lower Tariffs

Taft (cont) Mann-Elkins Act extended power of the ICC Dollar Diplomacy - avoiding military intervention by financial supported but did not succeed

Woodrow Wilson Women’s rights increasing momentum and in several states women gained the right to vote. New Freedom Plan Clayton Antitrust Act

Early State Reforms Robert La Follette – most celebrated state-level reformer, brought reform to railroad, utility, and workplace regulation Charles Evans Hughes – New York governor Hiram Johnson – California governor Tom Johnson – Mayor of Cleveland

Muckrakers Attacked trusts and railroads Lincoln Steffens, Upton Sinclair

Ellen Starr Jacob Riis Ida Tarbell Jane Addams

Women Suffrage National American Women Suffrage Association Boston Marriages – Women roomed with other women Women achieved higher education and got female dominated occupations: settlement houses, social workers, and teaching. Women’s Trade Union League

African American Reform NAACP W.E.B. Du Bois – Aggressive and felt there should be more black political representation. Wanted to form a black elite. Opposed Washington. Booker T. Washington – Believed that blacks should succeed in the situations that they were in. Niagara Movement – black civil rights organization led by Du Bois had to meet in Canada because no facility in the US would allow a black group to organize.

Amendments Passed 16 th Amendment – Income Tax (1913) 17 th Amendment – Direct election (1913) 18 th Amendment – Prohibition (1919) 19 th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage (1920)