GRAPHENE Thashinavel A/l Suppiah ( ) Major: Electronics

INTRODUCTION Graphene is made of a single layer of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a repeating pattern of hexagons Graphene is one million times thinner than paper two dimensional 300 times stronger than steel One of the strongest material in the world

STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE Single atomic layer of graphite Carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal manner Carbon to carbon are strong Each carbon atom bounded to other three carbon atoms carbon atoms are bounded by covalent bonds and the sheet is hold together by Van der Waals force. Methods to view structure of graphene 1.Optical microscope 2.Atomic force microscope 3.High resolution transmission electron microscopy

PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE There are many interesting properties of graphene. 1.Electrical property : zero-overlap semimetal (with both holes and electrons as charge carriers) with very high electrical conductivity. One electron is leave behind the 3 rd dimension makes it free to move. This highly-mobile electrons are called pi( π ) electrons. Test gave shown that the electronic mobility of graphene is very high. Ballistic transport method. 2.Mechanical strength: Graphene is the strongest material ever discovered, with an ultimate tensile strength of pascals. Graphene is also very light at 0.77milligrams per square metre. Graphene also contains elastic properties. It can retain its initial size after strain. 3.Optical properties: Graphene can absorb large amount of white light. This is due to the electronic properties; the electrons acting like massless charge carries with very high mobility.

WHAT GRAPHENE CAN DO? 1.Batteries : Using graphene we can overcome the problem face by all now. Smartphone battery problem. Using mixture of graphene can charge the battery up to 90% in less than 20 seconds. 2.Computer Circuits: Graphene can be used as the electronics parts in the computer circuit to enable better conduction. 3.Energy cells: Graphene can aid us harness energy in greater levels. Batteries for phones and smartwatches can be used much longer time. 4.Living tissue application: it is predicted that graphene could be used to come up with bionic implants. 5.Ultrafiltration: Graphene can be used as a ultrafiltration medium to be a barrier between two substance. For an example graphene is under experiment for separate sea water from salt.

IS GRAPHENE DANGEROUS? Graphene is a new material found and it has many benefits. Regardless of its good qualities, researchers always undergo safety steps. scientists believe that the basic methods of synthesizing the graphene can result in this light weight and tough material to be absorbed by human’s body( during inhalation and ingested or implemented for biomedical reason. Investigation and researches are still going on to remove all the speculation about graphene.

CONCLUSION Graphene as newly born material, has great potential in various fields. The usage of graphene in coming years will give tremendous different to current technologies. Like any other newly rose phenomenon in the world, graphene has its own downsides and dark side, but the advantages are far greater than what this burred points could possibly affect them. Scientists are working hard day by day, to utilize this extraordinary substance practically more and more, and change all these beautiful dreams into reality.