Isotopes. Atomic Number Atomic number = number of protons – Which makes it always a whole number Atomic number is always the same for a given element.

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Presentation transcript:

Isotopes

Atomic Number Atomic number = number of protons – Which makes it always a whole number Atomic number is always the same for a given element Can be found on the periodic table

Isotope Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons They have different mass numbers They have the same number of protons Nuclide – General name for an isotope of an atom

Mass Number Atoms of the same element may have different numbers of neutrons Mass number – Sum of protons + neutrons Mass number can not be found on the periodic table – Not found by rounding atomic mass – Given through words or symbols

Atomic Mass Weighted average of the masses of naturally occurring isotopes of an element Can be found on the periodic table It is not usually a whole number

Calculating Average Atomic Mass Depends on both mass and relative abundance How do you find average atomic mass? – Naturally occuring copper consists of 69.15% copper-63 which has an atomic mass of amu and 30.85% copper-65 which has an atomic mass of – Multiply the atomic mass of each isotope by its relative abundance(expressed as a decimal) and add the results – x amu x amu = amu

Calculating average atomic mass Three isotopes of Argon occur in nature. Calculate the average atomic mass of Argon to decimal places: Argon-36 (35.97 amu; 0.337%) Argon-38 (37.96 amu; 0.063%) Argon-40 (39.96 amu; %) Answer: amu

Isotopes of Hydrogen Protium Deuterium Tridium

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Isotopes Hydrogen isotopes are different because most isotopes do not have their own specific name They are identified by their mass number

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Isotope Stability Stable nucleus – a correct ratio of neutrons and protons should be present in the nucleus. Unstable nucleus – radioactive Elements  radioactive Elements  man-made

Problems – determine the # of p+, n, and e- in each of these. 1. Sodium calcium Cu 4. Ag p+, 11 e-, 12 n p+, 20 e-, 20 n p+, 29 e-, 35 n p+, 47 e-, 61 n

Problems – write the nuclear notation and hyphen notation for 5. mass number 28, atomic number protons and 30 neutrons electrons and 82 neutrons

5. 14 Sisilicon Fe iron Ba barium Answers 56