Renaissance

Means “Rebirth” in: Art - Mona Lisa, Pieta, St. Peter’s Basilica Literature - Shakespeare, Cervantes Science - microscope, telescope Inventions - Printing press,

The Renaissance began in Florence Italy.

Do Now On a map of Italy shade the different city- states, major bodies of water & cities. ( see map & information sheet)

Lasted from Why did it start in Italy?

WHY? Geography - Location, Location, Location Trade - $$$ Italy as the center of trade between northern Europe & Africa

Why? History- Ancient Roman Civilization

Why? Center of the Catholic Church.

Renaissance Patrons Patrons- supporters of the arts & learning $ $ $ $ 1.Pope & church of Rome 2.Powerful families The Medici Family – Ruled Florence Italy The Sforza Family – Milan Families gave support to various artists (literature,art, music)

Characteristics of the Renaissance Humanism Individualism Questioning attitude Interest in secular, or non religious worldly matters Rise of the middle class Great achievements in the arts

Humanism Idea that focused on human achievements & potential rather than religious themes. Places importance on the activities, ideas, and works of individual human beings. Humanists studied classical education… e.g. History, Literature, and Philosophy (Humanities)

Humans focus on pleasure rather than morality. Seek new experiences Lead a full life Improve life for yourself

The ideas of Humanism & its questioning attitude brought it into conflict with the Catholic Church and Medieval thinking

Renaissance Men & Women A person with broad interests and who is an expert in several subjects. Know several languages Know about literature, politics, the arts Excel in sports Have manners

Role of Women Little control over there own lives Marriages arranged Viewed as objects of beauty Few legal rights

Fun facts The first known white wedding dress was worn by Anne of Brittany in It. was an unusual choice- at the time, white was the color of mourning. Brides first carried bouquets of flowers in the 16 th century to cover up their nasty body odor.

Role of Men Men valued Control over all aspects of society Absolute authority/dominance

What does each quote mean? “ It is better to be feared than loved, if you can’t be both”. “ The end justifies the means”

Machiavelli Political philosopher(thinker) Wrote the book “The Prince” Advised kings how to rule. Would you support a candidate for political office who said publicly that government officials can be dishonest / not truthful as long as such deceptions were in the best interests of the people/nation?

Middle Ages/Renaissance Art

Renaissance Art Florence was the most important city- state during the Renaissance. Businesses, political & religious leaders backed/ financed artists of the Renaissance (Patrons) Fresco – painting done on wet plaster with water based paint

Focus on Secular subjects non religious (portraits, landscapes)

Realistic figures and scenes

Perspective/Depth-making objects in the distance appear smaller – as if they were farther away from the viewer

Symmetry and Proportion

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance Man Many interests and talents Artist Scientist Engineer Inventor

Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci Notebooks Contains: Anatomy, geology, architecture, & inventions.

A sculptor could create something so real that it is “breathing” alive, in wax or clay or stone”. Michelangelo

Lorenzo de Medici ruler of Florence sponsored Michelangelo so he could continue to study art.

At age 23 became famous for creating a statue called “The Pieta.”

Statue of David

It is only well with me when I have a chisel in my hand”. Michelangelo

1508- Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to paint frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, Rome. Michelangelo painted scenes from the Bible starting with the creation of the world and ending with the flood.

Sistine Chapel Took 4 years to complete Contained more than 300 figures The chapel in considered to be one of the greatest masterpieces in the history of art.

Designing St. Peter’s Cathedral Age 70- Work on a new design for a huge dome for St. Peter’s Cathedral. ( new cathedral/ replace small church) Greatest structure built during the Renaissance. Largest Christian church in the world.

El Greco Spanish painter – painted figures with long bodies, arms and legs.

Renaissance Writers Some of the greatest writers in history. Wrote in the language of their own people-Vernacular ** William Shakespeare Poet and playwright Wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical dramas. Works- Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth

Miguel de Cervantes Spanish writer- wrote the novel Don Quixote Quixote sees himself as a man of adventure. This comical character sets out as a knight to right the wrongs of the world.

Inventor- Johannes Gutenberg Used moveable metal type Gutenberg Bible- first printed book in Europe. Printing Press

What was the impact of the printing press? Books printed quickly More books available to people New ideas spread Books were cheaper to buy Now readers gained access to a broad range of knowledge (Medicine to religion) The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.

Scientific Revolution

Why might people be reluctant or have a difficulty accepting new ideas or ways of thinking?

Early “Science” Much of Medieval “science” was based upon tradition,religion, or superstition. Uneducated commoners believed in witches & supernatural explanations (superstitions)

Scientific Revolution Change in science Use of the Scientific Method- invented by Francis Bacon.

What is meant by, “ Necessity is the mother of invention”

Ptolemy’s Theory- The Earth was the center of the universe. (1,400 years) Supported by the church. Theory of the Universe

Catholic Church endorsed these theories of the universe because they fit in with the Bible and Church teachings. Heresy- going against church teachings & ideas Nicholas Copernicus- ( ) Polish astronomer & monk Mathematical attack of Geocentric view (earth centered) Sparked debate among the educated A New View of the Universe

Heliocentric- The sun is the center of the universe- all heavenly bodies move around the sun---- including the Earth.

Italian scientist/mathematician Built a telescope ( “spy glass”) Proved that the Sun was the center of the Universe. (Heliocentric Theory) Galileo Galilei

Isaac Newton Theory of gravitational pull When Newton saw an apple fall, he found In that slight startle from his contemplation – 'Tis said (for I'll not answer above ground For any sage's creed or calculation) – A mode of proving that the earth turn'd round In a most natural whirl, called "gravitation;" And this is the sole mortal who could grapple, Since Adam, with a fall or with an apple. [37]gravitationAdam [37]