Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Children

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Children As a Population Physiological considerations: –Racial and ethnic composition –Poverty –Health status (See Figure 6-2) –Growth and development (See Figure 6-3) –Height and weight

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Sociological considerations: –Infant attachment –Crying Children As a Population (cont.)

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Children As a Population (cont.) Cultural factors: –Rearing (See Figure 6-4) –Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors (See Figure 6-5 and Evidence-Based Practice 6-1) –Sleeping –Elimination –Menstrual (See Figure 6-4)

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cultural factors: –Parent–child relationships and discipline (See Figure 6-9) –Child abuse versus folk healing –Gender differences Children As a Population (cont.)

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement True or False? Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, appearing at puberty and exert like influence on adult roles within a culture.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health and Health Promotion Influencing factors: – Illness (See Figure 6-10) – Health belief systems – Culture-bound syndromes –Biocultural influences

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health and Health Promotion (cont.) Influencing factors: – Immunity – Intermarriage – Ethnicity – Race – Heredity – Cultural beliefs (See Figure 6–11)

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the statement True or False? The incidences of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are especially high among Native North American children and adolescents.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: The incidences of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are especially high among Blacks, and those of dysentery, alcoholism, and suicide are high among Native North American children and adolescents.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Special Considerations for Adolescents Culture and adolescent development (See Figure 6–13) –Culture influences the manner in which adolescents respond to developmental changes. –Havighurst identified eight tasks that adolescents must complete before entering adulthood.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Special health care needs of adolescents –The key educational tool is teaching safe sex practices and ABC’s of sex: Abstinence Be Faithful use Condoms (See Evidence-Based Practice 6-2) Special Considerations for Adolescents (cont.)

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Culturally Competent Nursing Care for Children and Adolescents Assessing: –Cultural background –Family belief systems –Role of family extended nuclear

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Culturally Competent Nursing Care for Children and Adolescents (cont.) Nursing interventions: –Physical care –Communicating with child and family –Evaluation of the nursing care plan

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question This is a multiple choice question. Which activity best demonstrates that a Hispanic child has successfully met the developmental task involving the achievement of self-identify? A.Learning to play the guitar B.Taking advanced math in school C.Stating, “I may not be tall, but I have great hair.” D.Stating, “I really want to make the basketball team.”

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer C. Stating, “I may not be tall, but I have great hair.” Rationale: Many believe the major task of adolescence is the achievement of self-identity. Havighurst identified accepting one’s physical appearance as a major task. This statement demonstrates self-acceptance. The other options are less focused on self-identify.