To what extent do non-state actors impact global politics?

Whistleblowing The disclosure by a person, usually an employee in a government agency or private enterprise, to the public or to those in authority, of mismanagement, corruption, illegality, or some other wrongdoing.  Since 1960s, public value of whistle-blowing has been increasingly recognized  Is NOT a complaint  The wrongdoing disclosed must be in the public interest  Whistleblowers can be protected by the law in the case of:  A criminal offence  Someone’s health and safety is in danger  Risk or actual damage to the environment  A miscarriage of justice  The company breaking the law  Etc. CONCEPTS:  State Sovereignty  Human Rights  Non-violence  Equality  Power

Wikileaks - Julian Assange  International non-profit journalistic organization  Publishes secret information, and classified media from anonymous sources  Initiated in 2006 in Iceland - Sunshine Press  Julian Assange – Australian internet activist (founder, editor in chief an director) CONCEPTS:  Human Rights  Non-violence  Equality  Power IT’S A CONSPIRACY

Mission WHISTLEBLOWING – To expose wrongdoing or corruption WIKILEAKS - “To bring important news and information to the public... One of our most important activities is to publish original source material alongside our news stories so readers and historians alike can see evidence of the truth.” Ensure that journalists and whistleblowers are not jailed for ing sensitive or classified documents CONCEPTS:  State Sovereignty  Human Rights  Non-violence  Equality  Power

Legitimacy  SOFT POWER Accept but do not solicit anonymous information  ENCOURAGEMENET Provide a high security anonymous drop box fortified by cutting-edge cryptographic information technologies Accept leaked material in person and via postal drops as alternative methods, although EXPLICITLY recommend the anonymous electronic drop box as preferred method of submitting any material. Do not ask for material, but make sure if material is to be submitted, it is done securely and source is well protected  VERIFICATION TO AUDIENCE Information verified = news piece produced describing significance to society Both the news story and the original material are published to enable readers to analyze the story in the context of the original source material themselves  ETHOS Do not censor news, but may remove or significantly delay the publication of some identifying details from original documents to protect life and limb of innocent people CONCEPTS:  Human Rights  Legitimacy  Non-violence  Equality  Power POSSIBLE CONSPIRACY

Funding System  Wikileaks has set up an elaborate global financial network to protect a big secret of its own – funding  Mr. Assange said WikiLeaks gets about half its money from modest donations processed by its website, and the other half from "personal contacts," including "people with some millions who approach us and say 'I'll give you 60,000 or 10,000,' " he said, without specifying a currency.  The linchpin of WikiLeaks's financial network is Germany's Wau Holland Foundation.  Because German law requires the foundation to publicly disclose its expenditures, WikiLeaks uses "other foundations" to aggregate its bills and send them to a social security company to maintain confidentiality/anonymity  WikiLeaks has two tax-exempt charitable organizations in the U.S. (501C3s) that "act as a front" for the website IT’S A CONSPIRACY

Operations  Online platform  Registered as a library in Australia  Registered as a foundation in France  Registered as a newspaper in Sweden CONCEPTS:  Power  Multipolarity  Perspective  Legitimacy IT’S A CONSPIRACY

Success Stories  2wcl6w9I 2wcl6w9I  (2:37)

Iraqi War Leaks

‘If you had free reign over classified networks for long periods of time … say, 8-9 months … and you saw incredible things, awful things … things that belonged in the public domain, and not on some server stored in a dark room in Washington DC … What would you do?’ – Bradley Manning

Setbacks and Challenges  Deemed politically unethical  Has been sued multiple times and in some governments/corporations – blocked access  No set funding base = runs short on funds  Fears that its money and infrastructure could be targeted further

Influence on states and International relations  What defines a social movement  Empowerment of civil society  Wikileaks based on globalization – global exposure of corruption  Soft power: appealing to general public (acting upon greater good of the people)  Illicit actions of these governmental branches have established a broken base for the people – ie. USA advocates freedom

IMPACT OF WIKILEAKS WITHWITHOUT  Multipolarity  State sovereignty  Second face of power  Third face of power

THEORIES  Realism –  non state actors dangerous = conflict  Liberalism –  Had rules and regulations been implemented properly before, there would be no need for such a movement.  Empowerment of civil society

Bibliography  "Everything You Need to Know About Wikileaks | MIT Technology Review."MIT Technology Review. N.p., 09 Dec Web. 12 Dec  "Submit Documents to WikiLeaks." WikiLeaks. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec  "WikiLeaks' 400,000 Iraq War Documents Reveal Torture, Civilian Deaths."Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, n.d. Web. 12 Dec  "Wikileaks and Its Impact on International Relations." Reflections. N.p., 28 Nov Web. 12 Dec  "The WikiLeaks Iraq War Logs: Greatest Data Leak in US Military History - SPIEGEL ONLINE." SPIEGEL ONLINE. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec