Effortful encoding through Dual Processing

 Seeing and processing the structure of the chapter  Simultaneously seeing and processing the content of the chapter within the structure of the chapter.

 Title of chapter ◦ 1. Activate background knowledge. ◦ 2. Check the number of pages (to anticipate time). ◦ 3. Check the chapter outline in the Detailed Table of Contents.

 All text located under the chapter title and before the first Level I heading  Psych Example

 1. Further activate your background knowledge  2. Increase your interest in the subject  3. Learn key terms to be discussed in the chapter  4. Find the chapter-level controlling idea sentence

 1. Usually the last sentence of the introduction.  2. All Level I controlling idea sentences will relate back to this chapter wide sentence.  Psych example

 1. Read through to next heading without stopping  2. Further activate background knowledge.  3. Look for a Level I introduction (It often but does not always exist).  4. Look for the Level I controlling idea sentence.  5. Identify the major details that support the Level I controlling idea sentence.  Psych example

 1. Visualize the structure of the material as a mental outline or map.  2. Visualize the content of the material within your outline or map as a picture or movie.  3. Identify key terms.  Psych example

 1. STOP – THINK!! How does the info fit together.  2. Go back and underline the controlling idea sentence twice.  3. Underline major details once.  4. Put key terms and definitions in parentheses.

 Activating your background knowledge opens multiple neural networks.  Visualizing the material in an organized map or outline puts it into one main neural network with weaker connections to related neural networks.

 Much material will die because it does not connect to a neural network.  The material you do remember will connect to random networks without you seeing and remembering the big picture.

 My power points and slides will use the following color coding ◦ Controlling ideas – yellow  Major details – blue or green  Terms and definitions - pink

 Use your underlining to create an outline in the margin of: ◦ Key words in the controlling idea  Key words in major details (showing how they fit together) Write vocabulary with definitions separately.

 Activate background knowledge  Look for the controlling idea sentence  Look for the major details  Note important terms  Connect material to the previous headings, controlling ideas

 Keep relating material back to the higher level headings until you come to the 2 nd Level 1 heading.  Begin process again.

 Further summarize your margin notes into an overall outline or map. ◦ This Organizes and connects the material to one primary neural network. As you organize the material, make connections to other things you know.  Anchors the material to other neural networks  Gives you multiple access points  Enables easy use of material in new ways