Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart N Training Program

Terms Group I –Propeller driven including Reciprocating powered Turbopropeller powered Group II –Turbojet powered Initial Training –Have not qualified/served in same capacity of another airplane Transition Training –Qualified/served in same capacity of another airplane

Terms Upgrade Training –Qualified/served as SIC or flight engineer Differences Training –Qualified/served in particular type airplane and training on a particular variation of that airplane Programmed hours –Hours of training prescribed –May be reduced by Administrator Requalification Training –Previously qualified/trained

Training Program Establish for –Crewmembers –Aircraft dispatchers –Flight instructors –Check airmen Whenever a crewmember takes a competence check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which that training or check is required, he is considered to have taken or completed it in the calendar month in which it was required CRM All flight crewmembers and flight attendants must complete crew resource management before certificate holder can use them

Special Rules Part 142 certificated flight training center eligible to provide training –Holds applicable training specifications –Has facilities, training equipment, courseware –Approved curriculums, curriculum segments, and portions of curriculum segments –Has sufficient instructor and check airmen qualified to provide training, testing, and checks

Curriculum Training Program –Curriculum List of principal ground training subjects –Including emergency training subjects List of all training devices –System trainers –Procedures trainers –Other training aids Detailed descriptions of approved normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures List of airplane simulators Programmed hours of training Administrator grants final approval of training programs/revisions

Emergency Training Training includes –Instruction in emergency assignments –Instruction in location, function, operation of emergency equipment Equipment used in ditching/evacuation Portable fire extinguishers Emergency exits Handing of emergency situations Review previous accidents

Emergency Training Each crewmember must accomplish: –During initial training and –Once each 24 calendar months during recurrent training Each type of emergency exit Each type of installed hand fire extinguisher Each type of emergency oxygen system Donning, use, and inflation of individual flotation Ditching

Training Required Recurrent Training –Flight Crewmembers No person may serve as a required crewmember unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, satisfactorily complete recurrent and flight training for that airplane and a flight check as applicable –Pilot in Command No person may serve as a pilot in command unless, within the preceding 6 calendar months, satisfactorily complete recurrent flight training in addition to the training required above

Line Checks Pilot in Command (Domestic/Flag) –Within preceding 12 calendar months, pass a line check –Over typical part of route, airway, direct route Pilot in Command (Supplemental) –Within preceding 12 calendar months, pass a line check –Part or airway or advisory route

Proficiency checks Pilot in Command –With preceding 12 calendar months –Within preceding 6 calendar months either Proficiency Approved simulator course of training Other pilots –Within the preceding 24 calendar months, pass a proficiency check or line-oriented simulator training course –Within the preceding 12 calendar months, pass a proficiency check or any simulator training course

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart P Aircraft Dispatcher Qualifications and Duty Time

Domestic/Flag Operations Completed initial dispatcher training Operations familiarization –5 hours observing operations Flight deck Forward passenger seat with headset or speaker –Waived for 90 days after initial introduction Satisfactorily completed differences training Familiar with essential operating procedures

Dispatcher Duty Time Schedule –No more than 10 consecutive hours of duty –More than 10 hours in 24 consecutive hours Provide rest period of at least 8 hours Before end of 10 hours of duty –Worked 7 consecutive days Relieved for duty for at least 24 hours

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart Q Flight Time Limitations: Domestic Operations

Flight Time Limitations Total flight time cannot exceed: –1,000 hours in any calendar year –100 hours in any calendar month –30 hours in any 7 consecutive days –8 hours between required rest periods Rest requirements: –9 consecutive hours of rest for less than 8 hours of scheduled flight time –10 consecutive hours of rest for 8 or more but less than 9 hours of scheduled flight time –11 consecutive hours of rest for 9 or more hours of scheduled flight time

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart R Flight Time Limitations: Flag Operations

One or Two Pilot Crews Schedule: –8 hours or less during any 24 consecutive hours without a rest period –More than 8 hours during any 24 consecutive hours without a rest period Rest period of at least twice the number of hours flown since the preceding rest period No more than –100 hours in any calendar month –1,000 hours during any 12-calendar-month period

Two Pilots plus Crewmember Schedule: –No more than 12 hours during any 24 consecutive hours –Flown 20 or more hours during any 48 consecutive hours or –Flown 24 or more hours during any 72 consecutive hours At least 18 hours of rest before being assigned to any duty with the air carrier At least 24 consecutive hours of rest during any 7 consecutive days No more than –120 hours during any 30 consecutive days –300 hours during any 90 consecutive days –1,000 hours during any 12-calendar-month period

Three Pilots plus Crewmember Schedule –More than 12 hours during any 24 consecutive hours Provide adequate sleeping quarters on the airplane Rest period of at least twice the total number of hours flown since the last rest period at his base No more than –350 hours during any 90 consecutive days –1,000 hours during any 12-calendar-month period

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart S Flight Time Limitations: Supplemental Operations

Flight Time Limitations Total flight time cannot exceed: –100 hours in any 30 consecutive days –1,000 hours in any calendar year –At least 16 hours rest when flying more than 8 hours during 24 consecutive hours

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart T Flight Operations

/535 Domestic/Flag Operations Responsibility for operational control –Pilot/Dispatcher Jointly responsible –Preflight planning –Delay –Dispatch release –Aircraft Dispatcher responsible Monitoring progress of each flight Issuing necessary information for safety of flight Canceling or redispatching flight

Supplemental Operations Responsibility for operational control –Pilot/Director of operations Jointly responsible for flight –Initiation –Continuation –Diversion –Termination –Director of operations responsible Canceling, diverting, delaying flight

Engine Inoperative 2 engines –Engine fails/shutdown Land at nearest suitable airport where safe landing can be made 3 engines –Engine fails/shutdown Pilot determines whether to proceed

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart U Dispatching and Flight Release Rules

Domestic Operations Aircraft dispatcher must authorize flights –Except for Intermediate stop for not more than one hours and designated in original release

Flag Operations Aircraft dispatcher must authorize flights –Except for Intermediate stop for not more than six hours > 6 hours - redispatch

Supplemental Operations Person authorized by operations to exercise operational control over flight –Execute flight release Intermediate stop for not more than six hours and designated in original release –Intermediate stop Cannot continue without a new flight release if aircraft has been on ground more than 6 hours

Information to PIC Domestic/Flag –Aircraft Dispatcher provide available current reports Airport conditions Irregularities of navigation facilities All available weather reports/forecasts During flight – additional information that affects safety of flight

Information to PIC Supplemental –PIC obtains available current reports Airport conditions Irregularities of navigation facilities All available weather reports/forecasts During flight – additional information that affects safety of flight

/3 VFR/IFR Dispatch/flight release VFR –Ceiling and visibility forecasts Remain at or above VFR minimums Airplane arrives at destination IFR/Over-the-Top –Weather conditions At or above authorized minimums At estimated time of arrival Airport or airports dispatched

Departure Alternate Airport Weather conditions at departure airport –Below landing minimums Specify alternate airport –Aircraft having 2 engines Airport not more than 1 hour from departure airport –Aircraft having 3 or more engines Airport not more than 2 hour from departure airport –Weather minimums must meet requirements of certificate holder’s ops specs

Destination Alternate Airport Domestic operations –No alternate required if ETA + 1 hour Weather reports –Ceiling at least 2,000 feet above airport elevation –Visibility at least 3 miles

Destination Alternate Airport Flag operations –No required alternate Flight not more than 6 hours ETA + 1 hour Ceiling –At least 1,500 ft above lowest circling MDA, or –At least 1,500 ft above lowest published instrument approach minimum, or –2,000 ft above airport elevation, whichever is greater Visibility –At least 3 miles, or –2 miles more than the lowest applicable visibility minimums for the instrument approach procedures to be used

Destination Alternate Airport Supplemental operations –At least one alternate for each destination in the flight release –Not required if Meet requirements of & Flight outside 48 contiguous States & DC No available alternate airport at destination Must meet Ops Specs requirements

Alternate Airport Weather Minima Alternate –Weather reports at or above Alternate weather minima specified in Ops Specs fo that airport

Flight in Unsafe Conditions PIC –Cannot allow toward airport where flight cannot be completed safely Opinion of PIC or dispatcher

Inoperable Instruments/Equipment Cannot takeoff unless –Approved MEL exists for that airplane FSDO has approved MEL –MEL provides Operation of airplane with certain instruments and equipment in inoperable condition Instruments/Equipment excluded from MEL –Required by airworthiness requirements –Essential for safe operations –Required by airworthiness directive

Operating in Icing Conditions Cannot dispatch/release airplane –Opinion of PIC or dispatcher Icing conditions expected to adversely affect safety of flight Cannot takeoff/dispatch/release when –Frost, ice, snow adheres (or expected to adhere) to Wings, control surfaces, propellers, engine inlets Other critical surfaces of aircraft –Ground/anti-icing program Approved by FSDO Dispatch/release/takeoff comply with program

Dispatch Release Original dispatch or release –Any regular, provision, refueling airport Authorized for type of aircraft

Fuel Supply All Domestic –Fly to airport to which dispatched –Fly and land at the most distant alternate airport –Fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise fuel consumption

Fuel Supply Flag (Propeller) –Fly to airport to which dispatched –Fly and land at the most distant alternate airport –Fly for 30 minutes plus 15 percent of the total time required to fly at normal cruise fuel consumption, or –Fly for 90 minutes at normal cruising fuel consumption, whichever is less

Fuel Supply Supplemental (Propeller) –Fly to airport to which released –Fly and land at the most distant alternate airport –Fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising fuel consumption –No person may release an airplane for which an alternate is not specified unless Enough fuel (considering winds and other weather condition) to fly to that airport and thereafter for e hours at normal cruising fuel consumption

Fuel Supply Flag/Supplemental (Jets) –Flag within 48 contiguous States & DC See part –Flag/Supplemental ops outside the 48 contiguous States & DC Fly and land at the airport to which it is released After that, fly for a period of 10 percent of the total time –Required from departure airport to released airport Fly and land at the most distant alternate airport Fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1,500 feet above the alternate airport –Supplemental ops with 48 contiguous States/DC Part apply

Factors for computing fuel required Factors –Wind/other conditions forecast –Anticipated traffic delays –One instrument approach and possible missed approach at destination –Other conditions that may delay landing

Takeoff/Landing Minimums/VFR Domestic –Cannot takeoff or land under VFR unless Day operations –1,000 foot ceiling and 1-mile visibility Night operations –1,000 foot ceiling and 2-mile visibility

Takeoff/Landing Minimums/IFR All certificate holders –Takeoff Weather conditions reports must be equal to or above those specified in Ops Specs, or Nothing in Ops Specs – Follow Parts 91 and 97 –No pilot may continue an approach past the final approach fix An approved weather source issues weather report for that airport Within United States, territories, military airports –Visibility - Equal to or greater than visibility minimums prescribed for that procedure

Landing Weather Minimums/IFR All certificate holders –PIC Not served 100 as PIC in type aircraft MDA/DH increased by 100 feet and visibility increased by ½ mile Never lower than –Credit flight hours Up to 50 percent –Operations under part 135 as PIC PIC with at least 100 hours of another type aircraft –Substitute 1 landing in operations under this part for 1 hour required PIC experience (up to 50 percent)

Applicability of reported wx mins Ceiling and visibility values –Latest weather report VFR or IFR takeoffs/landing and instrument approach procedures All runways of an airport –Visibility value Runway visibility or RVR for particular runway –This value controls VFR or IFR takeoffs/landings and straight-in instrument approaches for that runway over latest weather report

Dispatch Release Flag/Domestic –Dispatch release prepare PIC/dispatcher sign if they both believe flight can be made with safety –Dispatcher Delegate authority to sign release Cannot delegate authority to dispatch

Dispatch Release Flag/Domestic –Dispatch release contains ID number of aircraft Trip number Departure airport, intermediate stops, destination airports, and alternate airports Statement of type of operation (VFR/IFR) Minimum fuel supply ETOPS diversion time Weather reports

Load manifest Load at takeoff time –Information required