Alexander Diaz P.1 AP world history 3/29/09 gres?imgurl= kimedia.org/wikipedia/comm ons/thumb/4/41/Africa1910 sSmall.jpg

 Since large European companies dominated wholesale commerce, much of the retail trade was controlled by many immigrants such as the Indians, Greeks and the Syrians.(Bulliet 794)  Farmers in the Gold Coast(now Ghana) profited from the high price of cocoa, as well as palm- oil producers in Nigeria and coffee growers in East Africa.(Bulliet 795)  Airplanes and automobiles were even more alien to the experience of Africans than railroads had been in the earlier generation.(Spodek 327)  In most of Africa women played a major role in the retail trades, selling pots and pans, cloth, food, and other items in the markets.( ations/Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html) ations/Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html  Not until the 1930’s did colonial governments realize the negative consequences of their labor policies and began to invest in agricultural development and health care for Africans.(Spodek 330)  However, many Africans migrated to cities because of these benefits, which left their women to care for their children in the countryside.(Bulliet 795)

 Many Africans turned to one of the two universal religions, Christianity and Islam, for guidance.(spodek 340)  It was most successful in the coastal regions of west and south Africa, where the European influence was strongest.(bulliet 797)  A major attraction of the Christian denominations was their mission schools, which taught both craft skills and basic literacy, providing access to employment as minor functionaries, teachers, and shopkeepers.(Bulliet 797)  In senegal Blaise Diagne agitated for African participation in politics and fair treatment in the French army.(Bulliet 798)  In South Africa, western-educated lawyers and journalists founded the African National congress in 1909 to defend the interests of Africans.(princeton 220)  These nationalist movements were inspired by the Ideas of Pan- Africanists from america such as W.E.B. du Bois and Marcus Garvey. virt.com.JPG

 The war brought hardships, such as increased forced labor, inflation, and requisitions of raw materials.(Bulliet 800)  Millions of Africans served as soliders and carriers in Burma, North Africa, and Europe, where many became aware of Africa’s role in helping the allied war effort.(Bulliet 801)  The building of cities, railroads, and other enterprises brought Africa into the global economy, often at great human cost.(spodek 335)  Colonialism also brought changes to African culture and religion, hastening the spread of Christianity and Islam.(princeton 230)  The population of Sub-saharan Africa also grew 3% each and every year after the war. ( ulletins/PRBvol5no5.html) ( ulletins/PRBvol5no5.html  Also,

 The Earth and its peoples: a global history, third edition, Richard w. Bulliet, Boston New york  The Worlds History, second edition, Howard Spodek, upper saddle river; NJ  Cracking the AP world history exam, edition, Monty armstrong,NY  Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html) Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html