Sedimentary Rock usually layered, that results from the consolidation or lithification of sediment, for example a clastic rock like sandstone or a chemical rock like rock salt, or an organic rock like coal. Sedimentary Rock are either Marine (deposited in the ocean) or nonmarine (deposited on the continents). If marine sedimentary rock are present, the area must have been below sea level.

Sedimentary Rock Clastic – fragments of rocks and minerals that have been physically transported and deposited and then converted into rock Chemical – Direct precipitation of minerals from a solution. Only chemical sedimentary rocks are affected by chemicals (vinegar/acid), all others are not affected by moderate acids. Biochemical/Organic- Remains of plants and animals that have been converted into rock

Clastic Sedimentary Rock made up of mostly of fragments derived from pre- existing rocks and transported mechanically to their places of deposition. made up mostly of fragments, called clasts (means broken) that are eroded from other rocks. Everything discussed in S-2-W

Clastic Sedimentary Rock These rocks are further classified by the sizes of their particles Coarse-grained; Gravel (pebbles to boulders, bigger than 2mm) Photo ? Medium-grained; Sand (1/16 to 2 mm) Photo ? Fine-grained; Clay or Mud (Smallest 1/16 mm or smaller Photo ? Photo A Photo B Photo C

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks consist of materials that have precipitated from the ocean water or lake Precipitation: the process of forming solid mineral constituents from a solution by evaporation

Organic Sedimentary Rock a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of the remains of organisms Consists of the mineral calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral with the formula CaCO 3 Organic Sedimentary Rock forms when plants in swamps with rich vegetation die and are buried by the remains of later plants

Compaction and Cementation

Compaction: The reduction in bulk volume or thickness of fine-grained sediments owing to increasing weight of overlaying material that is continually being deposited Cementation: The process by which sediments are converted into rock by the precipitation of a mineral “ cement ” among the grains of sediment Lithification is the process of sediment that gradually becomes converted to solid rock

Classification Classification, or the grouping or ordering of objects by similar features, is meant to make it easier for people to think about and discuss what they are investigating Distinguishing features of the rock samples will include things like the size of grains, the shape of the grains, what the grains are made of, if there are any visible fossils, and how the rock feels and even tastes.

Vocabulary Key Vocabulary: Sedimentary Rock, Compaction, Cementation, Bedrock, Clastic Sedimentary Rock, Clast, Precipitation Chemical Sedimentary Rock, And Organic Sedimentary Rock