Identifying Indoor and Outdoor Water Use Craig W. Miller Utah Division of Water Resources November 26, 2002

Average Salt Lake Water Use

Understanding Municipal Water Use

Utah is a water poor state

Breakdown of water use by category Understanding Residential Outdoor Water Use is Key to Conservation

Outdoor Water Use Determine use per day December-February Determine use per day December-February Subtract from use in remaining months to obtain outdoor water use. Subtract from use in remaining months to obtain outdoor water use. Determine from tax assessor records to determine number of swamp coolers, subtract 45 gpd for each. Determine from tax assessor records to determine number of swamp coolers, subtract 45 gpd for each. Determine lot size from assessor database to find use per acre (this is the focus of remainder of presentation). Determine lot size from assessor database to find use per acre (this is the focus of remainder of presentation).

Address Matching Use Post Office Zip+4 For Greater Accuracy Problems requiring address matching: In order to determine outdoor water use efficiency, billing records need to be tied to a lot size in the tax assessor’s database. In order to determine outdoor water use efficiency, billing records need to be tied to a lot size in the tax assessor’s database. Water purveyors give overlapping boundaries for their service areas. In order to determine population served correct boundaries must be determined. Water purveyors give overlapping boundaries for their service areas. In order to determine population served correct boundaries must be determined. Data exists which relate measured lot size to area of irrigated landscape. Unfortunately, the measured lot size does not match the tax assessor lot size. Since addresses are available, find the tax assessor lot size to create a function which relates tax assessor lot size to landscaped area. Data exists which relate measured lot size to area of irrigated landscape. Unfortunately, the measured lot size does not match the tax assessor lot size. Since addresses are available, find the tax assessor lot size to create a function which relates tax assessor lot size to landscaped area.

Methods Used for Address Matching Home grown methods Home grown methods Variant/alternate spellings of addresses produced low match rates (50-60%) Variant/alternate spellings of addresses produced low match rates (50-60%) Geocoding Geocoding Products for geocoding readily available through state or local agencies. Products for geocoding readily available through state or local agencies. Can purchase products from ESRI. Can purchase products from ESRI. Often finds a limited number of matches (85%) and may not exactly locate a lot or may find the wrong lot. Often finds a limited number of matches (85%) and may not exactly locate a lot or may find the wrong lot. Post Office Zip+4 address standardization yields roughly a 95% find rate in test runs. Post Office Zip+4 address standardization yields roughly a 95% find rate in test runs.

Correctly Identify Boundaries Needed for Population estimation Population estimation Per capita use Per capita use Water planning Water planning

Readily Available Data Sets Usually Free of Charge County Recorder Lot Coverages County Recorder Lot Coverages Correctly identify lot size Correctly identify lot size County Assessor Tax Database County Assessor Tax Database Address of property Address of property Identifies use: commercial, single family residential, etc. Identifies use: commercial, single family residential, etc. Estimate of lot size Estimate of lot size Property valuation Property valuation Number of swamp coolers and bathrooms Number of swamp coolers and bathrooms Water purveyor billing records Water purveyor billing records USPS zip+4 (always free) USPS zip+4 (always free)

Boundary Problems Typical maps of water purveyor boundaries do not represent system complexity at the user level. Typical maps of water purveyor boundaries do not represent system complexity at the user level. Lack of communication between GIS personnel and system administrators Lack of communication between GIS personnel and system administrators Small pockets of purveyor service can exist at a neighborhood level. Small pockets of purveyor service can exist at a neighborhood level. Federal funding guidelines encourage gerrymandering. Federal funding guidelines encourage gerrymandering.

Zip+4 Capabilities Can be interactively queried Can be interactively queried Post Office provides free DLLs but these require access to a server and are not well documented—no help files. Post Office provides free DLLs but these require access to a server and are not well documented—no help files. Simple programs written in VB and JAVA can do the same thing. Simple programs written in VB and JAVA can do the same thing. Capabilities Capabilities Resolves alternate spellings Resolves alternate spellings Can be used to make an exact key for address matching (5-digit zip+Address) Can be used to make an exact key for address matching (5-digit zip+Address)

Zip+4 Results Example Example 510 Seventh Avenue th Ave 510 East Seventh Ave All yield th Ave

Zip+4 Results Examples - continued Examples - continued 6790 Hollow Dale Dr 6790 South Hollowdale Drive Both yield 6790 Hollowdale Dr Clearly indicates when address is not found Clearly indicates when address is not found Conclusion : Very robust system Conclusion : Very robust system

Zip+4 Problems Sensitive to zip code or city boundary changes. Sensitive to zip code or city boundary changes. Does not resolve all variant spelling problems. Does not resolve all variant spelling problems. Pony Express Way returns Pony Express Way. Likewise for the same address, State Street returns State Street. Alternate city spellings are not usually corrected. Alternate city spellings are not usually corrected. With 95% find rate, database cleanup is much less of a problem—still not trivial. With 95% find rate, database cleanup is much less of a problem—still not trivial.

Trial Case Identify South Salt Lake’s Water Service Boundary. Identify South Salt Lake’s Water Service Boundary. Claims to serve same areas as Salt Lake City and Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District. Claims to serve same areas as Salt Lake City and Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District.

Address Preprocessing Remove notes in billing record addresses placed there by the company Remove notes in billing record addresses placed there by the company (for example notes in parenthesis) Resolve address range problems Resolve address range problems Represent ( ) Some Street Dr with 213 Some Street and 215 Some Street? Represent ( ) Some Street Dr with 213 Some Street and 215 Some Street? Zip+4 does not recognize CR as an abbreviation for Circle. Zip+4 does not recognize CR as an abbreviation for Circle. (other problems will be noted for your dataset) Create records for variant names (not just alternate spellings). Create records for variant names (not just alternate spellings).

Address Processing Takes about 1 second per query. Takes about 1 second per query. To speed process have subsets of your database being processed in tandem. To speed process have subsets of your database being processed in tandem. VB processes for web querying take all processor cycles available (may take a performance hit in other processing). VB processes for web querying take all processor cycles available (may take a performance hit in other processing).

Address Post Processing Remove apartment and suite number Remove apartment and suite number Create a unique key from zip + “ “ + address Create a unique key from zip + “ “ + address Access and ArcGIS are limited in their ability to handle long keys (example: 60 characters). FoxPro was used to perform the database linkages. Access and ArcGIS are limited in their ability to handle long keys (example: 60 characters). FoxPro was used to perform the database linkages. Find parcel number field and place in database of interest. Addresses, zips, and cities change. County parcel numbers are less volatile. Find parcel number field and place in database of interest. Addresses, zips, and cities change. County parcel numbers are less volatile.

VB program used for project Code available at water.utah.gov/craig/code.zip

Sample Output

Acknowledgements Utah’s Water Resources, Planning for the Future, Utah Division of Water Resources, Utah’s Water Resources, Planning for the Future, Utah Division of Water Resources, Salt Lake City, South Salt Lake, Salt Lake County, Jordan Valley Water water records, property records. Salt Lake City, South Salt Lake, Salt Lake County, Jordan Valley Water water records, property records.