Introduction Mrs. Mayer Introduction Prezi My Big Campus: Request to join Mrs. Mayer: Biology My Big Campus

Positive (Yes) Negative (No) 1.Bacteria1. Temperature 2. Paramecium2. pH of a river 3. Red algae3. Rain 4. Frog4. Mountain 5. Trout5. Sunlight 6. Eagle 6. Amount of oxygen 7. Bear 7. Rock

Chapter 1: The Science of Life Essential Question: What are the characteristics of a living thing?

I. Biology: study of all living things A. Biologists study 1. Questions about how living things work, how they interact, and how they change over time 2. Many different kinds of living things from tiny organisms to large organism Biology

B. Why study biology? 1. Make informed decisions on issues that impact you and our society 2. Pollution in water or air supply and how it affects your health and the environment 3. New technologies for curing diseases, improving the environment, or increasing the food supply

II. Characteristics of Life Characteristics of Life Prezi A. Organization: high degree of order within an organism’s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world B. Cells: all living things are composed of cells 1. Unicellular: organism made up of one cell 2. Multicellular: organism made up of multiple cells

3. Multicellular organism have levels of organization a) organ systems: groups of specialized parts that carry out a certain function b) organs: structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system c) tissues: groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function d) cells: smallest unit that makes up tissues

C. Response to stimuli 1. Stimulus: physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment 2. Organisms must be able to respond and react to changes in their environment to survive

D. Homeostasis: maintain stable internal conditions (temperature, heart rate) Homeostasis E. Metabolism: sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment 1. Need energy to power all the life processes like repair, movement, and growth 2. Plants use sun’s energy to make food and animals obtain food energy from other organism

F. Growth and Development 1. Nonliving things: build-up of materials 2. Living things: cell division and cell enlargement 3. Cell division: formation of two cells from an original cell 4. Development: process by which an adult organism arises by cell division. Your body has 50 trillion cells

G.Reproduction: process in which organisms produce new organisms like themselves 1. Not essential to the survival of an individual organism, but for the continuation of the species 2. Organisms transmit hereditary information to their offspring a) DNA large molecule that contains the hereditary information DNA overviewDNA overview b) Gene: short segment of DNA that contains the instruction for a single trait GeneGene

3. Sexual reproduction: hereditary information combines from two organism of the same species 4. Asexual reproduction: hereditary information is not combined so the original organism and the new organism are genetically the same

H. Change through time (Evolution) 1. Populations of living organism evolve or change through time 2. Ability to change over time is important for survival in a changing world 3. Evolution helps to explain the diversity of life on earth today

III. Themes in Biology A. Diversity and Unity of Life 1. Diversity: variety of life a) Biologist have identified more than 1.5 million species and many more have not been identified yet b) Single celled organism in layers of ice to whales that have 1,000 trillion cells

2. Unity: features that all living things have in common a) Genetic code: rules that tell cells how to use information in DNA b) Tree of life is a model that shows how organism are related to each other c) Scientists think that all living things descended with modification from common ancestors

3. Three domains of life a) Domain: major subdivisions on the tree of life b) Three domains are: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya c) Bacteria and Archaea are simple organisms d) Eukarya contains complex organism like plants and animals e) Kingdoms: another system of grouping organism f) Animalia, Plantae,Fungi, Protista, Archaeabacteria, and Eubacteria

B. Interdependence of organism: organisms interact with each other 1. Ecology: studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment 2. Ecosystems: communities of living species and their environment 3. Depend on others as well as things like minerals, nutrients, water, gases, and heat from the environment

C. Evolution of life 1. Evolution: process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations 2. Natural selection: organism that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce than organism that lack these traits 3. Adaptations: traits that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce Evolution Themes in Biology Chart

IV. Scientific Method A.State the problem or question B.Research C.Hypothesis: possible explanation of observations and data that can be tested HypothesisHypothesis D.Experiment: process of testing a hypothesis by gathering data under controlled conditions

1.Observing: using one or more of the five senses 2. Controlled experiment: control group and experimental group are the same except for one factor 3. Independent variable: factor that scientists changes 4. Dependent variable: factor that depends on the experiment Variables

5.Collecting data: gathering information to answer the question a) observing b) measuring c)sampling: use a small part to represent an entire population d) organizing data: placing observations and measurements in graph, chart, or table

E. Analyzing data F. Drawing Conclusions 1. Model: explanation supported by data 2. Inference: conclusions based on the facts, but not on direct observations and it is not directly testable 3. Theory: broad statement of what is thought to be true supported by evidence and hypotheses Theory and Laws

Scientific Method video

V. Microscopy and Measurement A. Microscope: instrument that produces an enlarged image of an object 1. Magnification: increase of an object’s size 2. Resolution: power to show details clearly 3. Light microscope (LM) 2,000 times Magnification/resolution

4. Electron microscope: beam of electrons produces an image 5. Transmission electron microscope: 200,000 times magnification Types of microscopes

Scanning electron microscope Used to scan the surface Magnification of 200,000x

Transmission electron microscope Used to see inside the cell Thin specimen prepared Magnification of up to 100,000x

Microscope video

B. Measurement: International System of Measurements (SI) 1. Base units a) Length: meter b) Mass: kilogram c) Time: second 2. Derived units: produced by mathematical relationship a) Area: square meter b) Volume: cubic meter SI units